Improvement of Obesity and Glucose Tolerance by Acetate in Type 2 Diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) Rats

Yamashita, Hiromi; Fujisawa, Katsuhiko; Ito, Erina; Idei, Seika; Kawaguchi, Nobuyo; Kimoto, Masumi; Hiemori, Miki; Tsuji, Hideaki

doi:10.1271/bbb.60668

Cited by 257 publications

(229 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Metformin also inhibits de novo lipogenesis and ameliorates fatty liver by AMPK in genetically obese mice [37]. In addition, acetate can be taken daily in the form of vinegar; when acetate is converted to acetyl CoA, the AMP/ATP ratio is increased and AMPK is activated [38,39]. Intake of acetate reduces lipogenesis and improves fatty liver in obese mice and rats.…”

Section: Inhibition Of Chrebp As a Treatment For Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

ChREBP: A Glucose-activated Transcription Factor Involved in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome

2008

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Abstract. Excess carbohydrate intake leads to fat accumulation and insulin resistance. Glucose and insulin coordinately regulate de novo lipogenesis from glucose in the liver, and insulin activates several transcription factors including SREBP1c and LXR, while those activated by glucose remain unknown. Recently, a carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), which binds to the carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) in the promoter of rat liver type pyruvate kinase (LPK), has been identified. The target genes of ChREBP are involved in glycolysis, lipogenesis, and gluconeogenesis. Although the regulation of ChREBP remains unknown in detail, the transactivity of ChREBP is partly regulated by a phosphorylation/dephosphorylation mechanism. During fasting, protein kinase A and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylate ChREBP and inactivate its transactivity. During feeding, xylulose-5-phosphate in the hexose monophosphate pathway activates protein phosphatase 2A, which dephosphorylates ChREBP and activates its transactivity. ChREBP controls 50% of hepatic lipogenesis by regulating glycolytic and lipogenic gene expression. In ChREBP -/-mice, liver triglyceride content is decreased and liver glycogen content is increased compared to wild-type mice. These results indicate that ChREBP can regulate metabolic gene expression to convert excess carbohydrate into triglyceride rather than glycogen. Furthermore, complete inhibition of ChREBP in ob/ob mice reduces the effects of the metabolic syndrome such as obesity, fatty liver, and glucose intolerance. Thus, further clarification of the physiological role of ChREBP may be useful in developing treatments for the metabolic syndrome.

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Section: Inhibition Of Chrebp As a Treatment For Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

ChREBP: A Glucose-activated Transcription Factor Involved in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome

2008

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“…been reported have effects that include managing constipation [16], diabetes [17,18], obesity [14,19,20,21,22], inflammation [22], hypertension [23], immunity [24], lipid metabolism [19,20], and fatigue [25]. Additionally, many studies have reported that acetic acid, the key component of vinegar and contained, exhibits anti-obesity properties and improves lipid metabolism in animal models [17,19,26,27].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, many studies have reported that acetic acid, the key component of vinegar and contained, exhibits anti-obesity properties and improves lipid metabolism in animal models [17,19,26,27]. However, no study has been performed to compare the anti-obesity effects of spirit vinegar and natural fermented vinegar in rats.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Anti-obesity Effects of Spirit Vinegar and Natural Fermented Vinegar Products on the Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Cells and Obese Rats Fed a High-fat Diet

Son¹,

Kim²,

Shin³

et al. 2017

JFNR

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This study aimed to compare the effects of spirit vinegar and four types of natural fermented vinegar products (apple vinegar, brown rice vinegar, lemon vinegar, and balsamic vinegar) on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and obesity in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Vinegar inhibited the accumulation of lipid droplets during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Body weight gains, visceral fat pad weights, serum leptin and triglyceride levels, and hepatic lipogenic enzyme mRNA levels were significantly decreased in the HF-vinegar administered groups compared with those in the HF group. Furthermore, oral administration of vinegars significantly reduced the occurrence of fatty liver deposits and steatosis, and inhibited the HF diet-induced increase in adipocyte size. The anti-obesity and lipid-lowering effects were slightly greater in the HF-natural fermented vinegar groups than in the HF-spirit vinegar group. Apple vinegar had the strongest anti-obesity effects in 3T3-L1 cells and obese rats compared with the other tested vinegars. These findings indicated that vinegar administration may have potential for improving some obesity-related parameters in 3T3-L1 cells and obese rats.

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“…Kibizu concentrated liquid suppressed accumulation of lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 cells Dietary vinegar reportedly reduces serum total triacylglycerol and cholesterol in rats and human (Fushimi et al 2006(Fushimi et al , 2002Yamashita et al 2007), suggesting that vinegar plays a role in decreasing adipocyte size. We previously showed that the number of small adipocytes increased and that of large adipocytes decreased in adipocyte tissues in Kurozu-treated rats (Tong et al 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Kibizu concentrated liquid suppresses the accumulation of lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 cells

et al. 2015

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Adipocyte size is closely related to the occurrence of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance. Thus, researchers are searching for active substances that function to reduce adipocyte size. In the present study, we focused on sugar cane vinegar, Kibizu, and evaluated the function of Kibizu to reduce adipocyte size by using an in vitro model system, because people in Amami Oshima famous for longevity regularly consume Kibizu. Results showed that Kibizu treatment significantly reduced the size and number of lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 cells, relative to treatment with Kurozu, another traditional vinegar. Results of an extraction experiment suggest that the active components in Kibizu are lipophilic and hydrophobic. In addition, an in vivo experiment on rats treated with Kibizu showed that the active components were contained in large vein blood. Results of an additional in vivo experiment suggest that metabolites generated by Kibizu-treated rats are primarily contained or modified specifically in the large vein blood.

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Improvement of Obesity and Glucose Tolerance by Acetate in Type 2 Diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) Rats

Cited by 257 publications

References 27 publications

ChREBP: A Glucose-activated Transcription Factor Involved in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome

ChREBP: A Glucose-activated Transcription Factor Involved in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome

Comparison of Anti-obesity Effects of Spirit Vinegar and Natural Fermented Vinegar Products on the Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Cells and Obese Rats Fed a High-fat Diet

Kibizu concentrated liquid suppresses the accumulation of lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 cells

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