Improvement of polymer electrolyte membrane by radiation-induced grafting of styrene onto FEP film with subsequent sulfonation

Kim, Byung-Nam; Lee, Dong Hwa; Lee, Seung-Woo; Han, Do Hung

doi:10.1007/s11814-008-0201-4

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Published reviews by Gubler, Nasef and Kabanov describe the application of radiation towards the grafting of styrene onto various fluorocarbon polymeric substrates (16–20). The radiation grafting of styrene onto the poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP) polymer substrate produces membranes with a high degree of homogeneity, although there is a sharp decrease in resistivity upon an increase in the degree of grafting (21–23). The decrease in resistivity is attributed to an increase in proton mobility, which is associated with an increase in the hydration of the sulfonic acid groups within the membrane (24, 25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms and Characterization of the Pulsed Electron-Induced Grafting of Styrene onto Poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) to Prepare a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane

et al. 2018

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During the pulsed-electron beam direct grafting of neat styrene onto poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP) substrate, the radiolytically-produced styryl and carbon-centered FEP radicals undergo various desired and undesired competing reactions. In this study, a high-dose rate is used to impede the undesired free radical homopolymerization of styrene and ensure uniform covalent grafting through 125-μm FEP films. This outweighs the enhancement of the undesired crosslinking reactions of carbon-centered FEP radicals and the dimerization of the styryl radicals. The degree of uniform grafting through 125-μm FEP films increases from ≈8%, immediately after pulsed electron irradiation to 33% with the subsequent thermal treatment exceeding the glass transition temperature of FEP of 39°C. On the contrary, steady-state radiolysis using Co gamma radiolysis, shows that the undesired homopolymerization of the styrene has become the predominant reaction with a negligible degree of grafting. Time-resolved fast kinetic measurements on pulsed neat styrene show that the styryl radicals undergo fast decays via propagation homopolymerization and termination reactions at an observed reaction rate constant of 5 × 10 l · mol · s. The proton conductivity of 25-μm film at 80°C is 0.29 ± 0.01 s cm and 0.007 s cm at relative humidity of 92% and 28%, respectively. The aims of this work are: 1. electrolyte membranes are prepared via grafting initiated by a pulsed electron beam; 2. postirradiation heat-treated membranes are uniformly grafted, ideal for industry; 3. High dose rate is the primary parameter to promote the desired reactions; 4. measurement of kinetics of undesired radiation-induced styrene homopolymerization; and 5. The conductivity of prepared membranes is on par or higher than industry standards.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms and Characterization of the Pulsed Electron-Induced Grafting of Styrene onto Poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) to Prepare a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane

et al. 2018

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“…So that we cannot continue to rely on fossil fuel; we need other energy sources that are environmentally friendly and renewable. Some of the previous authors have referred to one of alternative energy sources which is renewable, highly efficient and an environmentally friendly; that is the fuel cell …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They can be used to produce electricity with methanol and hydrogen used as a fuel, respectively. In recent years, it has been predicted that the future PEFC will be one of the attractive energy sources for automobiles and portable device applications . The principal part of the DMFC or PEMFC is a polymer electrolyte membrane that serves as proton conductivity from anode to cathode and separator between anode and cathode .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of nano‐silica on properties of sulfonated polystyrene‐lignosulfonate membranes as proton exchange membranes for direct methanol fuel cell application

et al. 2017

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The membranes of sulfonated polystyrene, lignosulfonate and nano-silica (SPS-LS-SiO 2 ) that contain different percentages of nano-silica (1%-5% [w/w]) were prepared and characterized for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Nano-silica is an inorganic compound with a surface area of 200 m 2 /g, and it has a hygroscopic property so that the presence of nano-silica in membrane can increase properties of membrane. The SPS-LS-SO 2 membranes were prepared by casting polymer solution and membranes were characterized by functional groups analysis, water uptake, ion exchange capacity (IEC), proton conductivity, methanol permeability, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and surface morphology. The results show the increase of nano-silica composition in SPS-LS-SiO 2 membranes, the IEC, water uptake, proton conductivity increase, but a pore size of membrane decreases. On the other hand, it can maintain the mechanical strength of membranes. The SPS-LS-SiO 2 membranes with nano-silica composition of 2%-5% (w/w) have the same properties with Nafion ® 117, especially in proton conductivity at the same treatment and measurement conditions, and its methanol permeability is about 28%-35% smaller than that of Nafion ® 117 (2.09 × 10 −6 cm 2 /s), so this SPS-LS-SiO 2 membrane could be used as a polymer electrolyte membrane for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) application. K E Y W O R D Slignosulfonate, methanol permeability, nano-silica, polymer electrolyte membrane, sulfonated polystyrene

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Proton Conducting Sulphonated Fluorinated Poly(Styrene) Crosslinked Electrolyte Membranes

Soules¹,

Améduri²,

Boutevin³

et al. 2011

Fuel Cells

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Potential membranes for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell based on crosslinked sulphonated fluorinated polystyrenes (PS) were synthesised in two steps. First, azide‐telechelic polystyrene was obtained by iodine transfer polymerisation of styrene in the presence of 1,6‐diiodoperfluorohexane followed by azido chain‐end functionalisation. Then azide‐telechelic polystyrene was efficiently crosslinked with 1,10‐diazido‐1H,1H,2H,2H,9H,9H,10H,10H‐perfluorodecane under UV irradiation. After 45 min only, almost completion of azide crosslinking could be achieved, resulting in crosslinked membranes with insoluble fractions higher than 95%. The sulphonation of the crosslinked membranes afforded ionic exchange capacities (IECs) ranging from 2.2 to 3.2 meq g–1. The hydration number was shown to be very high (from 30 to 75), depending on both the content of perfluorodecane and of sulphonic acid groups. The morphology of the membranes, assessed by small‐angle X‐ray scattering, was found to be a lamellar‐type structure with two types of ionic domains. For the membrane that exhibited an IEC value of 2.2 meq·g–1, proton conductivity was in the same range as that of Nafion® (120–135 mS·cm–1), whereas the membrane IEC value of 3.2 meq·g–1 showed a proton conductivity higher than that of Nafion® in liquid water from 25 to 80 °C, though a high water uptake.

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Improvement of polymer electrolyte membrane by radiation-induced grafting of styrene onto FEP film with subsequent sulfonation

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Mechanisms and Characterization of the Pulsed Electron-Induced Grafting of Styrene onto Poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) to Prepare a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane

Mechanisms and Characterization of the Pulsed Electron-Induced Grafting of Styrene onto Poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) to Prepare a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane

The influence of nano‐silica on properties of sulfonated polystyrene‐lignosulfonate membranes as proton exchange membranes for direct methanol fuel cell application

Proton Conducting Sulphonated Fluorinated Poly(Styrene) Crosslinked Electrolyte Membranes

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