Improvement of Resistance to Bending-Type Lodging in Rice

Kashiwagi, Takayuki; Hirotsu, Naoki; Madoka, Yuka; Ookawa, Taiichiro; Ishimaru, Ken

doi:10.1626/jcs.76.1

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…It is important to note that lower internodes have a smaller shape safety index than higher internodes, suggesting that the culms reinforce their body, especially at the lower internodes (Fig. 2 a), which is consistent with the literature 4 – 9 . At the highest internode position, the mechanical safety index in group A was comparable to that in group B, but the shape safety index in group A was smaller than that in group B, reflecting different shape properties of the highest internode between groups A and B (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Previous studies have identified three types of lodging: (1) culm bending, where the culm bends too much and cannot bear the load of leaves and grains; (2) culm breaking, where the culm breaks due to an excessive applied load; and (3) root lodging, where uprooting occurs when root anchorage is not sufficient 2 , 3 . Rice culms can bend or break due to their morphological properties, such as thin and/or long internodes 4 – 9 , the length from the ground to the ears 8 , the dry weight per unit length 10 , and thin leaf sheaths 11 , as well as from environmental pressures, such as wind and rainfall 12 . Therefore, it is fundamental to understand the mechanisms underlying the different lodging behaviors and deploy this knowledge to identify or engineer a cultivar with both high yield and high lodging resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thickness-stiffness trade-off improves lodging resistance in rice

Tsugawa

Shima

Ishimoto

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Lodging of cereal crops significantly reduces grain yield and quality, making lodging resistance a prime target for breeding programs. However, lodging resistance among different rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars in the field remains largely unknown, as is the relationship between the major properties of culms such as their morphological and mechanical properties. Here, we investigated the morphological and mechanical properties of 12 rice cultivars by considering different internodes within culms. We detected variation in these two traits among cultivars: one set of cultivars had thicker but softer culms (thickness-type), while the other set of cultivars showed stiffer but thinner culms (stiffness-type). We designate this variation as a thickness-stiffness trade-off. We then constructed a mechanical model to dissect the mechanical and/or morphological constraints of rice culms subjected to their own weight (self-weight load). Through modeling, we discovered that ear weight and the morphology of the highest internode were important for reducing deflection, which may be important factors to achieve higher lodging resistance. The mechanical theory devised in this study could be used to predict the deflection of rice culms and may open new avenues for novel mechanics-based breeding techniques.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thickness-stiffness trade-off improves lodging resistance in rice

Tsugawa

Shima

Ishimoto

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Lodging in rice may be classified into three types: culm bending, culm breaking, and root lodging (Kono, 1995). Culm bending is caused due to heavy panicles or due to the occurrence of rain and wind during crop maturation (Kashiwagi et al., 2007). Culm breaking generally occurs at the lower internodes due to excessive bending moment of the upper part of plants (Hoshikawa & Wang, 1990; Islam et al., 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of lodging resistance in rice based on an optimized parameter from lodging index

Luo

et al. 2022

Crop Science

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Lodging is being increasingly recognized as a critical concern among crop breeders worldwide as it causes a significant reduction in the grain yield and quality of multiple cereal crops. The lodging index is frequently used for evaluating the lodging resistance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) crops. However, the application of lodging index for comparing lodging susceptibility between different rice cultivars is inadequate under certain special conditions. This study was aimed to identify optimized parameters that would evaluate the lodging susceptibility and could then be used along with the lodging index for further assessing the lodging resistance. A total of 32 representative rice accessions from different countries were grown at two different locations on three different sowing dates over a period of 3 yr. The analysis of the lodging index of the different rice cultivars revealed the lodging index value of 200 as the critical threshold value of the evaluated rice accessions. Subsequently, an optimized parameter from the lodging index was proposed. This parameter could be interpreted as the magnitude of the external force that the basal second internode could withstand. A comparison of the optimized parameter values of different rice accessions revealed a previously unknown lodging‐resistant variety R379. The application of the optimized parameter would enable an accurate determination and comparison of the lodging resistance among different rice cultivars, thereby contributing to the effective selection of lodging‐resistant cultivars in rice breeding programs.

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“…Additionally, genes affecting culm length may negatively affect yield (Kashiwagi et al 2007). Varieties with short-culm length reportedly showed increased leaf area density, decreased CO 2 and water vapor diffusion, and decreased photosynthesis (Kuroda et al 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding and Agronomic Research on Lodging Resistance and Culm Strength of Japanese Wheat Cultivars

Matsuyama

2022

JARQ

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Lodging Resistance and Culm Strength of Japanese Wheat Cultivars are important factors for preventing the lodging of grain crops, including wheat (Pinthus 1973). In contrast to Pinthus (1973), who assumed root lodging was more critical, whereby he focused on the root system, Berry et al. ( 2004) examined culm strength in detail, and developed a wheat lodging model by clarifying the physical mechanism of lodging, including external factors such as wind speed and rainfall. Subsequently, they identified the ideal shape of the wheat plant for the highest resistance to lodging (Berry et al. 2007).In Japan, wheat lodging is categorized into three types: stem-breaking lodging, stem-bending lodging, and root lodging. Among these, stem-bending lodging is particularly common in wheat crops in Japan. Thus, to date, the Japanese breeding of wheat varieties has focused on the production of short-culm varieties for improving lodging resistance; however, presumably, not only culm length but also culm strength, affected lodging resistance in Japanese wheat. Oda et al. (1966) investigated JARQ 56 (4), 303-311 (2022 https://www.jircas.go.jp

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Improvement of Resistance to Bending-Type Lodging in Rice

Cited by 16 publications

References 53 publications

Thickness-stiffness trade-off improves lodging resistance in rice

Thickness-stiffness trade-off improves lodging resistance in rice

Evaluation of lodging resistance in rice based on an optimized parameter from lodging index

Breeding and Agronomic Research on Lodging Resistance and Culm Strength of Japanese Wheat Cultivars

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