Improvement of Subsurface Thermal Characteristics for Green Parks

Abstract

The ground surface of green parks in arid and semi-arid areas may not be comfortable at specific times during the day and night due to the sun and the rate at which the subsoil gains or loses heat. Knowledge of the subsurface soil’s thermal properties can provide designers with convenient and comfortable settings. Design focus is generally directed toward stability, density, and hydraulic conductivity. An assessment of the thermal properties of clay–sand mixtures of 10%, 20%, and 30% clay content is conducted. The proposed clay–sand layers are subjected to three different thermal gradients of 30, 20, and 10 degrees of magnitude. The profile of temperature changes was monitored using 5TE sensors and data loggers. The mixtures were also subjected to cooling at room temperature. The results indicate that the clay type and the clay content govern the response of subsurface clay–sand liners to temperature gain and loss. Two field sections with clay–sand layers of 15% and 20% clay were examined for temperature changes over an extended period. In winter, green areas rich in clays were found to keep heat for several hours and provide relatively warm evenings. In summer, the mixture retains a cool temperature for some time during the day.

An Adaptive Control Model for Thermal Environmental Factors to Supplement the Sustainability of a Small-Sized Factory

“…Using the interrelationships between the thermal factors, several control rules for building thermal systems are developed from regression models to find new optimized rules or structures that improve performance. Several studies have shown the possibility of a model that improves efficiency for both thermal comfort and energy use, despite such precise control, and there are many studies that test a model's performance in actual buildings [14,15]. In addition, some studies dealing with various factors of occupant behavior by using simulation scenarios have been confirmed.…”