Improvement of Supercapacitor Performance through Enhanced Interfacial Interactions Induced by Sonication

Abstract

The capacitance of electrode materials is influenced by the surface area which contributes to the formation of the electric double layer. Herein, we have reported the ultrasound-assisted synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites. The nanocomposite had a large BET surface area of ∼332 m2 g–1 with mesoporous structure and exhibited ferromagnetic behavior. The intense microconvection generated by sonication induced unfolding of rGO with the generation of additional active sites for nucleation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. These structural features facilitated faster diffusion of electrolyte ions to the core of electrode material. Exfoliated rGO also provided electrochemical stability to Fe3O4 nanoparticles and formed a conductive matrix enhancing capacitive performance. The all-solid-state supercapacitor fabricated with Fe3O4/rGO nanocomposite demonstrated a high capacitance of 169.2 F g–1 at 1 A g–1, with ∼84.5% capacitance retention after 6000 cycles at 5 A g–1. The energy density of the supercapacitor was ∼8.46 Wh kg–1 at a power density of ∼338 W kg–1.

Tin Oxide/Vertically Aligned Graphene Hybrid Electrodes Prepared by Sonication-Assisted Sequential Chemical Bath Deposition for High-Performance Supercapacitors

“…The S-SCBD is a method for sequentially immersing an electrode in cationic and anionic precursor solutions using ultrasonication treatment. , The ultrasonication treatment performed during the synthesis causes a cavitation effect at the narrow inlet of the VAG electrode . This cavitation effect allows the precursor solution to penetrate the interior of the VAG and increase the wettability of the surface, resulting in the formation of MO particles up to the inside surface. , The intense microconvention produced by sonication facilitates the formation of active nucleation sites for MO nanoparticles, promoting MO formation at numerous sites . Furthermore, the sonication treatment suppresses the growth of MO grains, resulting in uniform nucleation of the MO nanoparticles and limiting the particle growth .…”

“… 27 , 28 The intense microconvention produced by sonication facilitates the formation of active nucleation sites for MO nanoparticles, promoting MO formation at numerous sites. 29 Furthermore, the sonication treatment suppresses the growth of MO grains, resulting in uniform nucleation of the MO nanoparticles and limiting the particle growth. 30 Thus, numerous MO nanoparticles may be uniformly formed on the entire surface of the VAG electrode without being aggregated in a specific region.…”

Microwave synthesis of antimony oxide graphene nanoparticles – a new electrode material for supercapacitors

“…The pseudocapacitance contribution and the electrochemical polarization of the electrode are caused by the numerous functional groups present in the SbO-G as shown in the FTIR. 38 The specific capacitance of the three materials was calculated from the equation below: where m is the active mass of the electrode (g), ν is the scan rate (V s −1 ), Δ V is the potential window in V and is the charge obtained from the integrated area of the voltammogram. SbO-G showed a better electrochemical performance with a specific capacitance of 37.58 F g −1 at 10 mV s −1 and up to 11.41 F g −1 at 100 mV s −1 .…”

Mineralization of Industrial Wastewater by a Hybrid Technique of Adsorption (Fe3O4@AC Nanocomposite) + Heterogeneous Fenton + Sonication and Discernment of Synergistic Effects

“…Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were prepared using the coprecipitation method, as reported in Choudhury et al, with minor modifications. In a typical process to fabricate magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles, a sonication bath was used to dissolve FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O (2.2 g) completely and FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O (1.2 g) in 100 mL of DI water.…”