Improvement of surface activity of acetylene black by explosive shock loading

Horiguchi, Yoshikazu; Nomura, Yokan

doi:10.1016/0008-6223(65)90018-7

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The first report of these shock-induced reactions is due to Batsanov et al [1]. This initial discovery was followed by activity in Japan [2,3] and the USSR [4][5][6][7][8]. In the U.S., the pioneering work of Graham and co-workers [9][10][11] was followed by investigations by Vreeland and co-workers [12,13], Horie et al [14,15], Boslough [16], Thadhani and co-workers [17,18], and Yu et al [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shock synthesis of silicides—I. experimentation and microstructural evolution

Vecchio

Meyers

1994

Acta Metallurgica et Materialia

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Abstract--Niobium and molybdenum silicides were synthesized by the passage of high-amplitude shock waves through elemental powder mixtures. These shock waves were generated by planar parallel impact of explosively-accelerated flyer plates on momentum-trapped capsules containing the powders. Recovery of the specimens revealed unreacted, partially-reacted, and fully-reacted regions, in accord with shock energy levels experienced by the powder. Electron microscopy was employed to characterize the partiallyand fully-reacted regions for the Mo-Si and Nb-Si systems, and revealed only equilibrium phases. Selected-area and convergent beam electron diffraction combined with X-ray microanalysis verified the crystal structure and compositions of the reacted products. Diffusion couples between Nb and Si were fabricated for the purpose of measuring static diffusion rates and determining the phases produced under non-shock condition. Comparison of these non-shock diffusion results with the shock synthesis results indicates that a new mechanism is responsible for the production of the NbSi2 and MoSi2 phases under shock compression. At the local level the reaction can be rationalized, for example, in the Nb-Si system under shock compression, through the production of a liquid-phase reaction product (NbSi2) at the Nb-particle/Si-liquid interface, the formation of spherical nodules (~2/zm diameter) of this product through interfacial tension, and their subsequent solidification.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shock synthesis of silicides—I. experimentation and microstructural evolution

Vecchio

Meyers

1994

Acta Metallurgica et Materialia

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“…It has long been known that carbon black can be shock activated (Horiguchi & Nomura 1965a). Batsanov et al (1967) and Bores kov et al (1968) found that the increased catalytic activity of some semicon ducting oxides could be attributed to shock-induced point defects as well as to internal lattice stress.…”

Section: Enhanced Reactivitymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Research was soon initiated in Japan, which led to shock-induced syn thesis of chemical compounds from mixtures of their elements (Kimura 1963), shock-activated catalysis (Horiguchi & Nomura 1965a), and shock activated carbide synthesis (Horiguchi & Nomura 1965b). In the Soviet Union a vigorous program was begun in the mid-1 960s, with immediate successes, including the shock synthesis of coesite by Deribas et al (1966).…”

Section: Shock Effects In Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shock Modification and Chemistry and Planetary Geologic Processes

Boslough¹

1991

Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.

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The second half of the twentieth century has seen a revolution in the Earth and planetary sciences. One radically new concept is that hypervelocity impact is a major process at work in the solar system. Only in the last few decades has it become fully accepted that the Earth, the other terrestrial planets, the Moon, the icy satellites, and the asteroids all have surfaces that are heavily modifi ed by a history of impact. Such modifi cation is evident from the cratered surfaces of these solar system objects, the micro structures of many meteorites, and the properties of the lunar regolith, all of which show evidence of repeated exposure to impacts and resulting shock waves.Along with the appreciation of the importance of impact as a surface process, accretionary models for planetary formation have been advanced and accepted. For example, it is now clear that shock heating was a primary contributor to thc thermal state of planets as they grew. In the last decade, hypotheses have been embraced that require impacts of various sizes to explain events ranging from the origin of the Moon to the Cre taceous-Tertiary mass extinction to the ejection of rocks (thc SNC meteor ites) from the surface of Mars. Serious hypotheses have included impact as the cause of phenomena as varied as periodic biologic extinctions and magnetic pole reversals. Further ANNUAL REVIEWS 102 BOSLOUGHIn light of this newly realized importance of impact, an assessment is in order of the chemical role that impact-induced shock waves have played. A historic event, the Tunguska meteor, which involved shock compression of the atmosphere of the Earth, serves as a dramatic example. When shock waves generated by lightning or a nuclear explosion interact with the atmosphere, they can cause a reaction between molecular oxygen and nitrogen to form nitric oxide. Such shock-induced gas-phase reactions can also result from the penetration of the atmosphere by a meteoroid. As much as 3 x 1010 kg of nitric oxide were produced by the shock wave from the Tunguska meteor, which devastated a large area of forest when it exploded over Siberia in 19 08 (Turco et al 19 82). Soon afterward, the surrounding forest experienced unprecedented rates of growth. The trees had probably been fertilized by nitrogen compounds that had formed subsequent to the event by reactions between the shock-generated nitric oxide and atmospheric oxygen (Melosh 19 89). A similar sequence of shock induced reactions has been suggested for generating large quantities of nitric and other acids, destroying life at the end of the Cretaceous era (Lewis et aI 1982), and Fegley et al (1 986) have proposed that atmospheric shock synthesis generated important precursors for the abiotic production of the fi rst complex organic molecules.Shock effects in solids are probably of even greater concern. It is now known that essentially all of the solid material in the solar system has, at some time during its history, been subjected to shock processing. From the rapidly growing body of research on shock waves in ...

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