Improvement of the layer-layer adhesion in FFF 3D printed PEEK/carbon fibre composites

Rodzeń, Krzysztof; Harkin‐Jones, Eileen; Wegrzyn, Marcin; Sharma, Pratikshya; Zhigunov, Alexander

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106532

Cited by 57 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A single-factor experiment was designed to optimize the heat treatment temperature and time by taking the ILSS of FDM 3D-printed fiber-reinforced PEEK composites as the evaluation criteria. In order to determine the appropriate heat treatment temperature, the temperatures of 150, 200, 250 and 300 • C were selected according to the literature and previous experiments [27]. Firstly, under the heat treatment time of 4 h, which was selected through a series of preliminary experiments, the optimal heat treatment temperature was determined by analyzing the ILSS, microstructure and crystallinity of FDM 3D-printed fiber-reinforced PEEK composites.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Heat Treatment Process on Mechanical Properties of FDM 3D-Printed Short- and Continuous-Fiber-Reinforced PEEK Composites

Wang

Zou

2022

Coatings

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Due to the addition of short/continuous fibers with better mechanical properties, FDM 3D-printed short- and continuous-fiber-reinforced PEEK composites possess better performance than printed PEEK. However, the interlayer bonding performance becomes poor due to the layer stacking and weak fiber–resin interface adhesion. In this study, a heat treatment process was proposed to improve the interlaminar bonding properties of 3D-printed short- and continuous-fiber-reinforced PEEK composites. The effects of heat treatment temperature and time on the interlaminar shear strength, porosity and dimensional change of printed samples were studied by a single-factor experiment. Moreover, the thermal properties and fracture morphology of FDM 3D-printed fiber-reinforced PEEK composites before and after heat treatment were investigated to explore the toughening and strengthening mechanism. The experimental results showed that the mechanical properties of FDM 3D-printed fiber-reinforced PEEK composites improved by heat treatment process can be attributed to the improvement of crystallinity and interfacial bonding. The heat treatment process can also improve the infiltration and diffusion among adjacent filaments and layers, and further reduce the defects. The optimized heat treatment temperature and time were 250 °C and 6 h, respectively. The maximum ILSS of FDM 3D-printed short- and continuous-fiber-reinforced PEEK composites increased by 16 and 85% compared with untreated samples, respectively.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Heat Treatment Process on Mechanical Properties of FDM 3D-Printed Short- and Continuous-Fiber-Reinforced PEEK Composites

Wang

Zou

2022

Coatings

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“…For taller parts, however, the surrounding temperature decreases exponentially with each new layer [ 79 ], affecting the interlayer cohesion and consequently reducing the influence of T bed on the overall mechanical performance. To compensate this effect, an enclosed heated chamber can be used [ 29 , 79 , 80 , 81 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fused-Filament Fabrication of Short Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide: Parameter Optimization for Improved Performance under Uniaxial Tensile Loading

2022

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This study intends to contribute to the state of the art of Fused-Filament Fabrication (FFF) of short-fiber-reinforced polyamides by optimizing process parameters to improve the performance of printed parts under uniaxial tensile loading. This was performed using two different approaches: a more traditional 2k full factorial design of experiments (DoE) and multiple polynomial regression using an algorithm implementing machine learning (ML) principles such as train-test split and cross-validation. Evaluated parameters included extrusion and printing bed temperatures, layer height and printing speed. It was concluded that when exposed to new observations, the ML-based model predicted the response with higher accuracy. However, the DoE fared slightly better at predicting observations where higher response values were expected, including the optimal solution, which reached an UTS of 117.1 ± 5.7 MPa. Moreover, there was an important correlation between process parameters and the response. Layer height and printing bed temperatures were considered the most influential parameters, while extrusion temperature and printing speed had a lower influence on the outcome. The general influence of parameters on the response was correlated with the degree of interlayer cohesion, which in turn affected the mechanical performance of the 3D-printed specimens.

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“…On one hand, soft thermoplastic materials with a low bending modulus, which are commonly used to prepare the wearable piezoelectric devices, are not suitable for FFF processing . On the other hand, the poor interfacial adhesion of FFF-printed parts makes it difficult to achieve bendability and stretchability . Mechanical metamaterials have been proven to have unique flexible properties such as a negative Poisson ratio and an extremely low elastic modulus through applying an artificially designed geometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…36 On the other hand, the poor interfacial adhesion of FFF-printed parts makes it difficult to achieve bendability and stretchability. 37 Mechanical metamaterials have been proven to have unique flexible properties such as a negative Poisson ratio and an extremely low elastic modulus through applying an artificially designed geometry. As a result, such a promising and smart structure is expected to overcome the above problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Solid-State Shear Milling and FFF 3D-Printing Strategy to Fabricate High-Performance Biomimetic Wearable Fish-Scale PVDF-Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters

Pei

Shi

Chen

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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High-performance flexible piezoelectric polymer− ceramic composites are in high demand for increasing wearable energy-harvesting applications. In this work, a strategy combining solid-state shear milling (S 3 M) and fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D-printing technology is proposed for the fabrication of high-performance biomimetic wearable piezoelectric poly-(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/tetraphenylphosphonium chloride (TPPC)/barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) nanocomposite energy harvesters with a biomimetic fish-scale-like metamaterial. The S 3 M technology could greatly improve the dispersion of BaTiO 3 submicrometer particles and the interfacial compatibility, resulting in better processability and piezoelectric performance of the nanocomposites. Typically, the FFF 3D printed energy harvester incorporating 30 wt % BaTiO 3 showed the highest piezoelectric outputs with an open-circuit voltage of 11.5 V and a short-circuit current of 220 nA. It could hence drive nine green LEDs to work normally. In addition, a 3D-printed biomimetic wearable energy harvester inspired by an environmentally adaptive fish-scale-like metamaterial was further fabricated. The fish-scale-like energy harvester could harvest energy through different deformation motions and successfully recharge a 4.7 μF capacitor by being mounted on a bicycle tire and the tire's rolling. This work not only provides a 3D printing strategy for designing diversified and complex geometric structures but also paves the way for further applications in flexible, wearable, self-powered electromechanical energy harvesters.

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Improvement of the layer-layer adhesion in FFF 3D printed PEEK/carbon fibre composites

Cited by 57 publications

References 27 publications

Improvement of Heat Treatment Process on Mechanical Properties of FDM 3D-Printed Short- and Continuous-Fiber-Reinforced PEEK Composites

Improvement of Heat Treatment Process on Mechanical Properties of FDM 3D-Printed Short- and Continuous-Fiber-Reinforced PEEK Composites

Fused-Filament Fabrication of Short Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide: Parameter Optimization for Improved Performance under Uniaxial Tensile Loading

Combining Solid-State Shear Milling and FFF 3D-Printing Strategy to Fabricate High-Performance Biomimetic Wearable Fish-Scale PVDF-Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters

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