Improvements in Cardiorespiratory Fitness Attenuate Age-related Weight Gain in Healthy Men and Women: The Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study

DiPietro, Loretta; Kohl, Harold W.; Barlow, Carolyn E.; Blair, Steven N.

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800543

Cited by 94 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Compared to the nationally representative NHANES data 5 the HRFP subjects exhibited less weight gain over time, but their weight changes were similar to those reported by a longitudinal study of active members of the Aerobics Center in Dallas, Texas. 29 The average yearly change in weight of the HRFP subjects was about 0.07 kg (0.15 lb) and 0.27 kg (0.60 lb) for the men and women, respectively, compared with the average yearly weight increase for the Aerobics Center sample of 0.08 kg (0.18 lb) for the men and 0.20 kg (0.44 lb) for the women. In general, the HRFP subjects tended to maintain a moderate to high level of physical activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two recent studies, one on cross-sectional survey data from a large group of male runners, 43 the other on longitudinal data from members of a large healtha®tness center, 29 showed that long-term maintenance of the level of exercise and aerobic power attenuates but does not prevent aging-related weight gain. The authors of both studies suggested that without exercise there would be even greater weight gain, and preventing weight gain may actually require an increase in exercise with aging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determining the amount of physical activity needed for long-term weight control

et al. 2001

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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate prospectively the in¯uence of habitual physical activity on body weight of men and women and to develop a model that de®nes the role of physical activity on longitudinal weight change. DESIGN AND SETTING: Occupational cohort study conducted for a mean of 5.5 y. SUBJECTS: A total of 496 (341 male and 155 female) NASAaJohnson Space Center employees who completed the 3 month education component of the employee health-related ®tness program and remained involved for a minimum of 2 y. MEASUREMENTS: Body weights were measured at baseline (T1) and follow-up (T2), and habitual physical activity was obtained from the mean of multiple ratings of the 11-point (0 ± 10) NASA Activity Scale (NAS) recorded quarterly between T1 and T2. Other measures included age, gender, VO 2 max obtained from maximal treadmill testing, body mass index (BMI), and body fat percentage. RESULTS: Multiple regression demonstrated that mean NAS, T1 weight, aging and gender all in¯uence long-term T2 weight. T1 age was signi®cant for the men only. Independently, each increase in mean NAS signi®cantly (P`0.01) reduced T2 weight in men (b 7 0.91 kg; 95% CI : 7 1.4 to 7 0.42 kg) and women (b 7 2.14 kg; 95% CI : 7 2.93 to 7 1.35 kg). Mean NAS had a greater effect on T2 weight as T1 weight increased, and the relationship was dose-dependent. CONCLUSIONS: Habitual physical activity is a signi®cant source of long-term weight change. The use of self-reported activity level is helpful in predicting long-term weight changes and may be used by health care professionals when counseling patients about the value of physical activity for weight control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the amount of physical activity needed for long-term weight control

et al. 2001

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“…29 It has also been shown that improvements in fitness reduce the risk of age-related weight gain in middleaged adults. 30 In older adults, increased physical activity energy expenditure may be important for body weight maintenance by counteracting both an age-related decrease in total energy expenditure as well as a predisposition toward positive energy balance as a consequence of acute age-related energy intake dysregulation. Future research is necessary to determine if increased physical activity energy expenditure in older adults can improve long-term accuracy of energy intake regulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitual physical activity differentially affects acute and short-term energy intake regulation in young and older adults

et al. 2007

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Background: Energy intake (EI) regulation is impaired in older adults, but it is not known if habitual physical activity affects accuracy of EI regulation in older compared with young adults. Objective: We hypothesized that the ability to compensate for a high-energy yogurt preload beverage at a subsequent ad libitum meal (i.e. acute compensation) and over the course of the testing day (i.e. short-term compensation) would decrease with age, but the magnitude of the decline would be smaller in physically active compared with sedentary older adults. Design: On two occasions, young active (n ¼ 15), young sedentary (n ¼ 14), older active (n ¼ 14) and older sedentary (n ¼ 11) subjects consumed either a high-energy yogurt preload beverage (YP: 500 ml, 1988 kJ, men; 375 ml, 1507 kJ, women), or no preload (NP), 30 min before an ad libitum test meal. EI at both ad libitum meals was measured, and total daily EI was determined on both testing days. Percent EI compensation for the YP was calculated for the test meal and testing day to determine acute and short-term compensation. Results: Percent EI compensation at the test meal was significantly lower in the older compared with the young subjects (6574 vs 8174%, P ¼ 0.005). There was no effect of habitual physical activity level on acute compensation, and no age by physical activity level interaction (P ¼ 0.60). In contrast, short-term compensation was not different with age (8775 vs 9376%, older vs young, P ¼ 0.45), but was more accurate in active vs sedentary subjects (10075 vs 7976%, P ¼ 0.01). As with acute compensation, there was no age by physical activity interaction (P ¼ 0.39). Conclusion: Acute EI regulation is impaired in older adults, which is not attenuated by physical activity status. However, EI regulation over the course of a day is more accurate in active vs sedentary adults, which may facilitate long-term energy balance. Future work is needed to determine if higher energy expenditure in older active vs older sedentary adults improves long-term EI regulation.

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“…Nevertheless, they support the hypothesis that even low-tomoderate intensity physical activities, feasible by most adults, are bene®cial for preventing weight gain with age. Several large-scale observational studies indicate a relationship between baseline or improvement in physical activity 17±23 or cardiorespiratory ®tness 24,25 and subsequent weight gain or risk of becoming overweight. As in our cohort, regular performing of high-intensity activity during leisure-time was Data were adjusted for centre, age group, marital status, educational level, employment status, socio-occupational class, following a weight-control diet, alcohol consumption, smoking status and occupational-related PAE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leisure-time physical activity and regular walking or cycling to work are associated with adiposity and 5 y weight gain in middle-aged men: the PRIME Study

et al. 2001

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OBJECTIVE:To examine the in¯uence of physical activity on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (W) and body mass changes (DBMI) in middle-aged men, with special regard to moderate-intensity activities. DESIGN: Longitudinal study of adults who participated in the PRIME Study. SUBJECTS: A cohort of 8865 men aged 50±59 y, free of coronary heart disease. MEASUREMENTS: BMI and W at baseline, body mass changes over a 5 y period. Detailed baseline assessment of net energy expenditure due to physical activity (PAE) in the preceding year, according to category of activity, by means of the MOSPA Questionnaire. PAE was expressed in weekly metabolic equivalent scores (MET haweek). RESULTS: After adjustment for confounders, the multiple regression analyses indicated that BMI, W and DBMI were inversely associated with PAE spent in getting to work (P`10 75 ,`10 75 and 0.04, respectively) and practice of high-intensity ( ! 6 MET) recreational activities (`0.01,`10 75 and`0.01). Men who regularly spent more than 10 MET haweek in walking or cycling to work had a mean BMI, W and DBMI respectively 0.3 kgam 2 , 1 cm and 0.06 kgam 2 lower than those who did not expend energy in getting to work. In the subgroup of subjects who did not perform high-intensity activities, the level of recreational PAE was inversely associated with BMI and W but not with subsequent weight-gain. CONCLUSION: These ®ndings indicate that, in middle-aged men, physical activities of moderate-intensity, which are probably easier to promote than more vigorous activities and, in particular, a more current daily activity, walking or cycling to work, may have a favourable effect on body fat markers and body mass gain. International Journal of Obesity (2001) 25, 940±948

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Improvements in Cardiorespiratory Fitness Attenuate Age-related Weight Gain in Healthy Men and Women: The Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study

Cited by 94 publications

References 13 publications

Determining the amount of physical activity needed for long-term weight control

Determining the amount of physical activity needed for long-term weight control

Habitual physical activity differentially affects acute and short-term energy intake regulation in young and older adults

Leisure-time physical activity and regular walking or cycling to work are associated with adiposity and 5 y weight gain in middle-aged men: the PRIME Study

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