“…Thus, the solid-and fluid-like behaviors of a Bingham fluid can be expressed by the change in viscosity, i.e., the fluid does not deform due to higher viscosity at a lower strain rate (resembling a solid), while the fluid flows due to moderate viscosity at a higher strain rate. Since the continuum approach is easy to implement into existing solvers and its computational cost is low, the SPH and MPS methods have been applied with the continuum approach to a wide variety of problems: Couette flows (Zhou et al, 2010), Taylor-Couette flows , Poiseuille flows (Ren et al, 2012;Ikari et al, 2012;Xenakis et al, 2015;Ren et al, 2016;Tao et al, 2017;Morikawa et al, 2019), flows around a cylinder (Rossi et al, 2022), dam-break flows (Xenakis et al, 2015;Morikawa et al, 2019;Xu and Jin, 2016;Xie and Jin, 2016;Negishi et al, 2019;Abdolahzadeh et al, 2019), column-collapse flows (Xu and Jin, 2016;Minatti and Paris, 2015), L-box flows (Cao and Li, 2017;, granular flow down an inclined plane (Minatti and Paris, 2015), impacting droplet (Xu et al, 2013), injection molding (Xu et al, 2013), jet buckling (Ren et al, 2016;Morikawa et al, 2019;Xu et al, 2013;de Souza Andrade et al, 2015), filling process in circular molds (Ren et al, 2012;Xenakis et al, 2015), filling process in a ring-shaped channel (Ren et al, 2012), two-dimensional flows in a two-dimensional cylinder and vane rheometers (Zhu et al, 2010), mixing process in mixers (Abdolahzadeh et al, 2019), splashing phenomena (Tao et al, 2017), landslideinduced tsunami (Ikari et al, 2012), and snow avalanches (Sa...…”