Improvements of Atherosclerosis and Hepatic Oxidative Stress are Independent of Exercise Intensity in LDLr&lt;sup&gt;-/-&lt;/sup&gt; Mice

Teodoro, Bruno Gonzaga; Natali, Antônio José; Fernandes, Silvio Anderson Toledo; Silva, Luciano da; Pinho, Ricardo A.; Matta, Sérgio Luís Pinto da; Pelúzio, Maria do Carmo Gouveia

doi:10.5551/jat.11569

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Alternatively, exercise training failed to increase HDL-C concentrations in our C57BL/6 mouse model, an effect, that is, most often associated with aerobic exercise training in humans [41] but has been shown to be quite variable in rodents [40, 42–44]. This nonresponse of HDL-C is likely model specific as C57BL/6 mice carry the majority (~70%) of plasma cholesterol in the HDL fraction and exhibit modified HDL metabolism characterized by an absence of cholesterol-ester transfer protein and a resistance to diet-induced atherosclerosis [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treadmill Exercise Training Modulates Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism and Circulating PCSK9 Concentration in High-Fat-Fed Mice

et al. 2013

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Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a novel biomarker of LDL clearance and a therapeutic target of cardiovascular disease. We examined the effects of aerobic exercise training in modulating PCSK9 abundance and hepatic sterol regulation in high-fat-fed C57BL/6 mice. Mice (n = 8) were assigned to a low-fat (LF), high-fat (HF), or an HF with exercise (HF + EX) group for 8 weeks. The HF + EX group was progressively trained 5 days/week on a motorized treadmill. The HF + EX group was protected against body weight (BW) gain and diet-induced dyslipidemia compared with the HF group. The HF + EX group demonstrated an increase in hepatic PCSK9 mRNA (1.9-fold of HF control, P < 0.05) and a reduction in plasma PCSK9 (14%) compared with the HF group. Compared with HF mice, HF + EX mice demonstrated reduced hepatic cholesterol (14%) and increased (P < 0.05) nuclear SREBP2 protein (1.8-fold of HF group) and LDLr mRNA (1.4-fold of HF group). Plasma PCSK9 concentrations correlated positively with plasma non-HDL-C (P = 0.01, r = 0.84). Results suggest that treadmill exercise reduces non-HDL cholesterol and differentially modulates hepatic and blood PCSK9 abundance in HF-fed C57BL/6 mice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treadmill Exercise Training Modulates Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism and Circulating PCSK9 Concentration in High-Fat-Fed Mice

et al. 2013

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“…In addition, the concentrations of glutathione in the hepatic tissues were significantly high in the MCP-3 mice compared with the wild-type mice. Hepatic antioxidant enzymes have been recognized to be closely associated with liver damage and atherosclerosis caused by oxygen radicals [9,17,30]. According to the results in this study, the MCP-3 mice seemed to be more sensitive to the atherogenic diet and more vulnerable to oxidative stress and further progression of atherosclerosis.…”

Section: Hepatic Antioxidant Enzyme Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 55%

Functions of Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-3 in Transgenic Mice Fed a High-Fat, High-Cholesterol Diet

Jung²,

Choi³

et al. 2013

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

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Monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3), a chemokine that is in a superfamily of structurally related small chemotactic cytokines involved in leukocyte trafficking, is regarded as a key factor in atherogenesis. In this study, we examined the changes in atherogenic parameters including hepatic lipid accumulation and oxidative balance in MCP- 3-overexpressing transgenic mice (MCP-3 mice) under atherogenic conditions. To induce an extreme atherogenic condition, mice were fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet for 12 weeks. The body weight and food intake were not changed by MCP-3 overexpression in the aorta. On a HFHC diet, the MCP-3 mice had higher plasma levels of total cholesterol and a higher atherogenic index compared with wild-type mice, although there were no differences in the plasma HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Furthermore, an increase in lipid accumulation was observed in the aortas as well as the livers of the HFHC diet-fed MCP-3 mice compared with wild-type mice. The activities of antioxidant enzymes increased in the livers of the HFHC diet-fed MCP-3 mice, whereas supplementation with antioxidants, naringin and hesperidin, reversed the activities of the hepatic antioxidant enzymes in HFHC diet-fed MCP-3 mice, indicating that there might be more oxidative damage to the tissues in the HFHC diet-fed MCP-3 mice leading to progression towards atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis. Microarray analyses of the aorta revealed atherosclerosis-, PPARs-, lipoprotein receptor, and apolipoprotein-related genes that were affected by the HFHC diet in MCP-3 mice. These findings suggest that aortic MCP-3 overexpression may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis under atherogenic conditions.

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“…Clinical studies have shown that formation of ROS is a critical event in the development of atherosclerosis [110] and upregulation of oxidative stress and downregulation of the antioxidant defense mechanism are evident in subjects with coronary artery disease (CAD) [137]. Therefore, regulation of redox status and metabolism of lipoproteins have been proposed as two potential mechanisms through which exercise promotes beneficial effects on atherosclerosis [139].…”

Section: Effect Of Exercise On Atherosclerosis and Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies proposed that increased activation antioxidant enzymes may reduce atherosclerosis through the co-activation of vascular relaxation mediated by NO, as the superoxide (O 2 − ) dismutation increases the bioavailability of NO in endothelial cells and in the presence of the O 2 − NO shifts to formation of peroxynitrite (ONOO − ) [137,152,153]. Furthermore, according to Teodoro et al [139], moderate-and low-intensity CVE training performed daily for 30 min over an 8-week period, increased the activity of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and GPx, decreased lipid hydroperoxides and PC formation and decreased atherosclerotic lesions in mouse models with atherosclerosis.…”

Section: Effect Of Exercise On Atherosclerosis and Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise-Induced Regulation of Redox Status in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Role of Exercise Training and Detraining

et al. 2019

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Although low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are beneficial for the organism ensuring normal cell and vascular function, the overproduction of ROS and increased oxidative stress levels play a significant role in the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This paper aims at providing a thorough review of the available literature investigating the effects of acute and chronic exercise training and detraining on redox regulation, in the context of CVDs. An acute bout of either cardiovascular or resistance exercise training induces a transient oxidative stress and inflammatory response accompanied by reduced antioxidant capacity and enhanced oxidative damage. There is evidence showing that these responses to exercise are proportional to exercise intensity and inversely related to an individual's physical conditioning status. However, when chronically performed, both types of exercise amplify the antioxidant defense mechanism, reduce oxidative stress and preserve redox status. On the other hand, detraining results in maladaptations within a time-frame that depends on the exercise training intensity and mode, as high-intensity training is superior to low-intensity and resistance training is superior to cardiovascular training in preserving exercise-induced adaptations during detraining periods. Collectively, these findings suggest that exercise training, either cardiovascular or resistance or even a combination of them, is a promising, safe and efficient tool in the prevention and treatment of CVDs.

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Improvements of Atherosclerosis and Hepatic Oxidative Stress are Independent of Exercise Intensity in LDLr<sup>-/-</sup> Mice

Cited by 16 publications

References 45 publications

Treadmill Exercise Training Modulates Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism and Circulating PCSK9 Concentration in High-Fat-Fed Mice

Treadmill Exercise Training Modulates Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism and Circulating PCSK9 Concentration in High-Fat-Fed Mice

Functions of Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-3 in Transgenic Mice Fed a High-Fat, High-Cholesterol Diet

Exercise-Induced Regulation of Redox Status in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Role of Exercise Training and Detraining

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