Improving ability of married women to prevent reproductive tract infections in rural western China

YANG, Li Rong; Zhao, Hong; Wang, He Ping; Li, Yai; Niu, Jing Ping; Su, Ke; MAO, Hui Qing; Yang, Hua; Wei, Chang Nian; Ueda, Atsushi

doi:10.1007/bf02898012

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…62.1% of women in their study had bacterial vaginitis alone. 20 Low back ache (18.6%), abnormal vaginal discharge (14.4%) were the most common complaints of RTI, similar to studies in India and worldwide by, Rong Yang et al, Mamta et al, Kambo et al and Rehnuma et al 11,13,21,22 According to estimates of the 2010 Global Burden of Disease Study, low back ache is in the top ten list of diseases that account for highest number of DALYs in the world. 23 Itching/irritation over vulva, abnormal vaginal discharge and dysuria were the most commonly experienced symptoms of genital infections in a study conducted among women in rural areas of Thiruvarur district of Tamil Nadu state.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…This RTI prevalence was lower than studies done among rural women in Western China (70.3%), Belgaum (70.5%) and Mohali (45.0%). [11][12][13] But studies from Rajasthan (22.3%), Tamil Nadu (14.5%) and Lebanon (9.3%) reported a lower prevalence. [14][15][16] Studies done in the rural panchayat of Vakkom in Trivandrum district (7.22%) and Mavoor grama panchayat in Calicut (10.5%) also showed lower prevalence of RTIs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of genital infections among women in reproductive age group in a rural area in North Kerala

Thomas

Kumaran

2019

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: Genital infections, a major cause of illness among women in reproductive age group, affect their quality of life and social living. Early diagnosis and treatment of STI/RTI is also an important aspect in prevention of HIV transmission. As there are only a handful of studies in Kerala and none in Kannur assessing the prevalence, associated factors of genital infections and health seeking behaviour among women in reproductive age group, this study stands important.Methods: A community based descriptive study was conducted in Kulappuram area of Cheruthazham Panchayat which is the field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Kannur, Pariyaram from June, 2017 – July, 2018. A total of 404 women in reproductive a group were studied. A semi-structured, pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect relevant information. Data was analyzed using SPSS-version 19 software.Results: The mean age of the study population was 32.20±10.741years. 52.7% of the study population had genital infection, with 40.6% having symptoms of Reproductive Tract Infections (RTI) and 12.1%, symptoms of Urinary tract Infections (UTI). The presence of these was significantly associated with menstrual disorders, cloth as menstrual pad users, marriage, sexual activity and absence of infertility. Only 39.0% of the women with infections had sought treatment.Conclusions: Although there was high prevalence of genital infections among the study population, treatment seeking behaviour was very low. There is a need for sustained motivation and support to promote women to seek timely medical care than to suffer silently.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of genital infections among women in reproductive age group in a rural area in North Kerala

Thomas

Kumaran

2019

Int J Community Med Public Health

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“…(53.8%) in women using dirty clothes during menstruation is indicative of poor menstrual hygiene and an added risk for RTI. Low levels of personal hygiene was found to be associated with RTIs in studies by Riyami et al 18 Yang et al 19 and Singh S et al 20 In our study, the prevalence of RTIs was significantly low in those women who were using condoms (17.5%). This confirms the well-known fact that contraceptive methods like condoms have a protective role in the prevention of RTI/STI.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 43%

Reproductive Tract Infections Among Married Women in Rural Area of Haryana

Saluja¹,

Jain²,

Gaur³

et al. 2016

jemds

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BACKGROUNDReproductive tract infections are endemic in developing countries and entail a heavy toll on women. If untreated reproductive tract infections can lead to adverse health outcomes such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy and increased vulnerability to transmission of HIV. OBJECTIVETo assess the magnitude of problem of Reproductive Tract Infections and its socio-demographic correlates among married females in reproductive age group (15-44 years) in rural area of Haryana. STUDY DESIGNCross-sectional.PARTICIPANTS 500 married females in reproductive age group (15-44 yrs). METHODOLOGYThe primary tool in this study was predesigned and pretested questionnaire for recording of individual information. STATISTICAL ANALYSISPercentages and Chi-square. RESULTOut of 500 women interviewed 228 of them were found to be suffering from Reproductive Tract Infections (RTIs) giving a prevalence of 45.6%. Majority of study population belonged to age group of 25-29 years and the prevalence of RTI was maximum (63.7%) in the same age group. The prevalence of RTI was significantly higher (56.2%) in the women belonging to joint families, in women (83.3%) who were married before 18 years of age, those who were using dirty clothes during menstruation (53.8%) and in women who adopted IUD's as a means of family planning method (38.8%). The prevalence of RTI was statistically associated with personal hygiene as the prevalence of RTI was 54.9%, 46.0% and 36.0% in women having poor, fair and good personal hygiene respectively. CONCLUSIONMarried women in rural Indian community have a high prevalence of RTIs.

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“…Diseases of the reproductive system (eg, reproductive tract infections, cervical carcinoma) have long been more prevalent among rural women than urban women. [34][35][36] More effective actions to reduce reproductive system diseases for women are needed in rural China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subgroups of High-cost Patients and Their Preventable Inpatient Cost in Rural China

Lu,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Int J Health Policy Manag

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Background: High-cost patients account for most healthcare costs and are highly heterogeneous. This study aims to classify high-cost patients into clinically homogeneous subgroups, describe healthcare utilization patterns of subgroups, and identify subgroups with relatively high preventable inpatient cost (PIC) in rural China. Methods: A population-based retrospective study was performed using claims data in Xi County, Henan Province. 32,108 high-cost patients, representing the top 10% of individuals with the highest total spending, were identified. A density-based clustering algorithm combined with expert opinions were used to group high-cost patients. Healthcare utilization (including admissions, length of stay and outpatient visits) and spending characteristics (including total spending, and the proportion of PIC, inpatient and out-of-pocket spending on total spending) were described among subgroups. PIC was calculated based on potentially preventable hospitalizations which were identified according to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Prevention Quality Indicators algorithm. Results: High-cost patients were more likely to be older (M=51.87, SD=22.28), male (49.03%) and from poverty-stricken families (37.67%) than non-high-cost patients, with 2.49 (SD=2.47) admissions and 3.25 (SD=4.52) outpatient visits annually. Fourteen subgroups of high-cost patients were identified: chronic disease, non-trauma diseases which need surgery, female disease, cancer, eye disease, respiratory infection/inflammation, skin disease, fracture, liver disease, vertigo syndrome and cerebral infarction, mental disease, arthritis, renal failure, other neurological disorders. The annual admissions ranged from 1.83 (SD=1.23, fracture) to 12.21 (SD=9.26, renal failure), and the average length of stay ranged from 6.61 (SD=10.00, eye disease) to 32.11 (SD=28.78, mental disease) days among subgroups. The chronic disease subgroup showed the largest proportion of PIC on total spending (10.57%). Conclusion: High-cost patients were classified into 14 clinically distinct subgroups which had different healthcare utilization and spending characteristics. Different targeted strategies may be needed for subgroups to reduce preventable hospitalizations. Priority should be given to high-cost patients with chronic diseases.

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Improving ability of married women to prevent reproductive tract infections in rural western China

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Prevalence of genital infections among women in reproductive age group in a rural area in North Kerala

Prevalence of genital infections among women in reproductive age group in a rural area in North Kerala

Reproductive Tract Infections Among Married Women in Rural Area of Haryana

Subgroups of High-cost Patients and Their Preventable Inpatient Cost in Rural China

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