Improving acceptability of nudges: Learning from attitudes towards opt-in and opt-out policies

Yan, Haoyang; Yates, JoAnne

doi:10.1017/s1930297500002886

Cited by 32 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, in Yan and Yates (2019), people's perceived autonomy and freedom of choice for opt-out education were less than those for the opt-in approach in the carbon emission offset policy domain, while opt-out education yielded a comparable level of acceptability to the opt-in approach in the retirement saving domain. In addition, improvement in education made people conscious that retirement saving was a social issue, but was found to be less effective in resolving negative emotions and uneasiness due to the company's intervention (Yan and Yates, 2019). These findings suggest that education may lead to attitude change, but it can also trigger resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…There was no statistically significant difference between the participants in the opt-in condition and opt-out condition on gender, age, education, or income (all ps > 0.50). Following the procedure of intervention described by Yan and Yates (2019) , we instructed participants to imagine that their companies or institutions would cut the welfare wages during the pandemic. The following scenario was presented to all participants:…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Employees’ attitudes towards the policy were also assessed to determine how acceptable the policy they perceived it was. The measure was adapted from Yan and Yates (2019) and Liu et al (2022) , including four items (trust in policymakers, perceived ethicality of the policy, perceived restriction of freedom of choice, and perceived deception and manipulation); a higher score indicated that the given policy is perceived more acceptable. For example, “Please indicate how deceptive and manipulative you think this policy is, ranging from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very much).” Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to estimate the internal consistency of the attitude measure ( Tavakol and Dennick, 2011 ).…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of default nudges on promoting approval of welfare cuts: An exploration during COVID-19

2023

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The global COVID-19 pandemic has created significant financial and operational challenges for some businesses. As a result, temporary welfare benefit reduction may be a tough but future-oriented choice for both employers and employees. The present study examined whether default nudges can be used to promote employees’ approval of welfare-cutting policy while avoiding negative attitudes. Two online surveys were conducted during the first pandemic wave in China (February 2020). In the first study (N = 310), the participants were presented with a hypothetical welfare-cutting policy that used either an opt-in approach or an opt-out approach. We aimed to investigate how their approval and attitudes were different between two conditions. The results showed that the employees in the opt-out condition were more likely to accept the welfare-cutting policy than those in the opt-in condition, while participants’ attitudes toward the policy employing opt-out approach were as negative as that employing opt-in approach. Study 2 (N = 1,519) involved a replication of Study 1 with two additional improved opt-out approaches (opt-out education and opt-out transparency). Compared with the opt-in approach and standard opt-out approach, the opt-out education approach both increased policy support and improved attitudes toward the welfare-cutting policy. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of default nudges on promoting approval of welfare cuts: An exploration during COVID-19

2023

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“…Commenters in our study raised complex issues and ethical concerns that hindered public trust for this legislation. This included concerns that the legislation threatened informed consent, individual rights, and autonomy; the need for selfprotection as a result of mistrust; emotional discomfort, including fears that bodily integrity and rights might not be respected; and the ethical implications to both individuals and family members as their roles may shift with the changing legislation (20)(21)(22)(23)(24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Qualitative Content Analysis of Comments on Press Articles on Deemed Consent for Organ Donation in Canada

Fox

Donald

Chong

et al. 2022

CJASN

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Background and objectivesIn 2019, two Canadian provinces became the first jurisdictions in North America to pass deemed consent legislation to increase deceased organ donation and transplantation rates. We sought to explore the perspectives of the deemed consent legislation for organ donation in Canada from the viewpoint of individuals commenting on press articles.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsIn this qualitative descriptive study, we extracted public comments regarding deemed consent from online articles published by four major Canadian news outlets between January 2019 and July 2020. A total of 4357 comments were extracted from 35 eligible news articles. Comments were independently analyzed by two research team members using a conventional content analysis approach.ResultsCommenters’ perceptions of the deemed consent legislation for organ donation in Canada predominantly fit within three organizational groups: perceived positive implications of the bills, perceived negative implications of the bills, and key considerations. Three themes emerged within each group that summarized perspectives of the proposed legislation. Themes regarding the perceived positive implications of the bills included majority rules, societal effect, and prioritizing donation. Themes regarding the perceived negative implications of the bills were a right to choose, the potential for abuse and errors, and a possible slippery slope. Improving government transparency and communication, clarifying questions and addressing concerns, and providing evidence for the bills were identified as key considerations.ConclusionsIf deemed consent legislation is meant to increase organ donation and transplantation, addressing public concerns will be important to ensure successful implementation.

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“…Opponents in Nova Scotia emphasized a mistrust of the health care system and criticized the government for infringing on individual freedom and autonomy. Indeed, mistrust of the health care system is known to be a significant barrier to organ donation [ 10 , 49 ], especially given that opt-out policies can be perceived as deceitful, manipulative, and restrictive [ 58 ]. In both the UK study [ 52 ] and our study, opposition to deemed consent included personal beliefs about government power, philosophical views about consent, and practical concerns about organ donation procedures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Web-Based Perspectives of Deemed Consent Organ Donation Legislation in Nova Scotia: Thematic Analysis of Commentary in Facebook Groups

Marcon¹,

Wagner²,

Giles³

et al. 2022

JMIR Infodemiology

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Background The Canadian province of Nova Scotia recently became the first jurisdiction in North America to implement deemed consent organ donation legislation. Changing the consent models constituted one aspect of a larger provincial program to increase organ and tissue donation and transplantation rates. Deemed consent legislation can be controversial among the public, and public participation is integral to the successful implementation of the program. Objective Social media constitutes key spaces where people express opinions and discuss topics, and social media discourse can influence public perceptions. This project aimed to examine how the public in Nova Scotia responded to legislative changes in Facebook groups. Methods Using Facebook’s search engine, we searched for posts in public Facebook groups using the terms “deemed consent,” “presumed consent,” “opt out,” or “organ donation” and “Nova Scotia,” appearing from January 1, 2020, to May 1, 2021. The finalized data set included 2337 comments on 26 relevant posts in 12 different public Nova Scotia–based Facebook groups. We conducted thematic and content analyses of the comments to determine how the public responded to the legislative changes and how the participants interacted with one another in the discussions. Results Our thematic analysis revealed principal themes that supported and critiqued the legislation, raised specific issues, and reflected on the topic from a neutral perspective. Subthemes showed individuals presenting perspectives through a variety of themes, including compassion, anger, frustration, mistrust, and a range of argumentative tactics. The comments included personal narratives, beliefs about the government, altruism, autonomy, misinformation, and reflections on religion and death. Content analysis revealed that Facebook users reacted to popular comments with “likes” more than other reactions. Comments with the most reactions included both negative and positive perspectives about the legislation. Personal donation and transplantation success stories, as well as attempts to correct misinformation, were some of the most “liked” positive comments. Conclusions The findings provide key insights into perspectives of individuals from Nova Scotia on deemed consent legislation, as well as organ donation and transplantation broadly. The insights derived from this analysis can contribute to public understanding, policy creation, and public outreach efforts that might occur in other jurisdictions considering the enactment of similar legislation.

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Improving acceptability of nudges: Learning from attitudes towards opt-in and opt-out policies

Cited by 32 publications

References 32 publications

The effects of default nudges on promoting approval of welfare cuts: An exploration during COVID-19

The effects of default nudges on promoting approval of welfare cuts: An exploration during COVID-19

A Qualitative Content Analysis of Comments on Press Articles on Deemed Consent for Organ Donation in Canada

Web-Based Perspectives of Deemed Consent Organ Donation Legislation in Nova Scotia: Thematic Analysis of Commentary in Facebook Groups

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