This study delves into the challenges and complexities of vegetable sales management in modern commercial environments, particularly in fresh food supermarkets. By utilizing descriptive statistics and visual analysis of sales data, the study reveals the correlations between different vegetable categories and quantifies these correlations using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Subsequently, by integrating time series analysis and multi-objective programming, a mathematical model is constructed, aimed at maximizing profits under specific constraints. The innovation of this research lies in its comprehensive consideration of category-level sales management and the application of modern optimization algorithms for replenishment and pricing strategies. The uniqueness of this paper is in its integrative approach to the vegetable sales problem, providing refined mathematical models and advanced optimization methods. Finally, the paper thoroughly describes the steps of the research design, including sales data analysis, cost markup analysis, and the construction of an optimization model based on time series analysis and multi-objective programming, intending to offer supermarkets a vegetable sales management plan adaptable to market changes.