Improving adsorption performance of l-ascorbic acid from aqueous solution using magnetic rice husk as an adsorbent: experimental and RSM modeling

Abstract

In this research, rice husk (RH) was utilized to prepare a magnetic adsorbent for adsorption of ascorbic acid (AA). The magnetic agent is iron(III) chloride (FeCl3). The impact of acid concentration in the range of 400–800 ppm, adsorbent dosage in the range of 0.5–1 g, and contact time in the range of 10–130 min were studied. The Langmuir model had the highest R2 of 0.9982, 0.9996, and 0.9985 at the temperature of 15, 25, and 35 °C, respectively, and the qmax values in these temperatures have been calculated at 19.157, 31.34, and 38.75 mg/g, respectively. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model had the best agreement with the experimental results. In this kinetic model, the values of q have been measured at 36.496, 45.248, and 49.019 mg/g at the acid concentration of 418, 600, and 718 ppm, respectively. The values of ΔHo and ΔSo were measured 31.972 kJ/mol and 120.253 kJ/mol K, respectively, which proves the endothermic and irregularity nature of the adsorption of AA. Besides, the optimum conditions of the design-expert software have been obtained 486.929 ppm of acid concentration, 0.875 g of the adsorbent dosage, and 105.397 min of the contact time, and the adsorption efficiency in these conditions was determined at 92.94%. The surface area of the RH and modified RH was determined of 98.17 and 120.23 m2/g, respectively, which confirms the high surface area of these two adsorbents.

Velocity Augmentation Model for an Empty Concentrator-Diffuser-Augmented Wind Turbine and Optimisation of Geometrical Parameters Using Surface Response Methodology

“…Figure 14B depicts the normal probability chart of the studentised residuals utilised to assess the adequacy and suitability of the velocity augmentation model. As shown in the graph, the points form a straight line, affirming that the errors were distributed normally with a mean of zero and a fixed value, thereby confirming the model's adequacy [37,62,65,86,89]. Similar to the findings of [7], the results show no evidence to dispute any independence violations or hypotheses of permanent variance.…”

“…In experiments involving six factors, the CcompD included 64 factorial points, 12 axial points, and 10 replicates at central points, resulting in a total of 86 tests (N), as indicated in Equation (1). Once the desired range of variable values was defined, they were coded at five levels to ±1 for the factorial points, 0 for centre points, and ±α for the axial points [37,59,62]. The experimental sample schedule used in CFD analysis is given in Table 2.…”