Improving bacoside yield of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. in temporary immersion system by increasing immersion time and lowering the intervals

Optimal Growth and Biomass of Centella asiatica Using a Twin-Bottle Temporary Immersion Bioreactor

“…Likewise, high immersion frequency (every 3 h) led to a higher multiplication growth rate, whereas a shorter frequency of immersion (every 7 h) promoted the height of the shoot in Musa AAB plantlets [39]. Kunakhonnuruk et al [24] and Vendrame et al [40] indicated that the biomass of plantlets cultivated with frequent and prolonged immersion times demonstrated significantly higher growth compared to other feeding times. It is possible that this is because the plantlets have more time to contact with the culture medium, allowing them to accumulate and absorb nutrients, sugars, and water.…”

“…Zhao et al [46] informed that the utilization of TIS with forced ventilation was found to be effective in reducing morphological disorders, enhancing shoot quality and increasing the multiplication rate of medicinal plants, Rhodiola cremulata, while Aragon et al [47] and Jova et al [48] found that TIS resulted in a higher photosynthetic rate and optimal growth of the plantlets, as compared to continuous immersion. The TIS technique combined the benefits of both gelling and liquid media, leading to an overall improvement in the growth of the plantlets [21,24,49].…”

“…The temporary immersion system (TIS) is a plant tissue culture technique that facilitates automated propagation under sterile conditions by growing plant material in a liquid medium with recurrent immersions the aeration of the bioreactor vessel facilitate growth [21,22]. The twin-bottle TIS is a widely used commercially and it is effective for large-scale propagation of numerous medicinal plants [23,24]. The efficacy of the TIS technique is heavily reliant on the appropriate adjustment of the frequency and duration of immersion in the medium, that determine a precise protocol for plant growth, development, and yield [25][26][27].…”

Comparison of Dwarf Water Hyssop (Bacopa monnieri) in Emerged and Submerged Systems in Aquariums

“…The results of this study were consistent with Saha et al (2020), who mentioned that, when using explants from tissue culture-raised plants, direct shoot regeneration led to the production of more than 100 rooted plants/ explant within 8-12 weeks with 85-100% survival in the field after acclimatization, can be expected following optimized protocols. Besides, from comparisons of three different culture systems on growth and bacoside production of B. monnieri plantlets studied by Kunakhonnuruk et al (2023), the plantlets responded differently to different culture systems and survival rate was 100% with no abnormalities detected in all culture systems.…”