Improving beach safety: The science of the surf research project. Stage 3—evaluation of the effectiveness of the “Don’t get sucked in by the rip” campaign

Swimming in the Tropics: Navigating the Dangers of Marine Life

“…Several studies (Ballantyne, Carr, & Hughes, 2005;Franklin et al, 2010) have examined beach safety and the behaviour of beachgoers that may expose them to the drowning risk. In Australia, a focus has been placed on the recognition of rips, adherence to safety warning and swimming between safety flags (Ballantyne et al, 2005;Franklin, et al, 2010;Williamson, Hatfield, Sherker, Brander, & Hayen, 2010a, 2010b. Ballantyne et al's (2005) research among university students demonstrated that risky behaviour and lack of knowledge were more prevalent among international than domestic students.…”

“…Such education is useful not only for those visitors unable to identify risks but also for those who may overestimate their ability to cope with potential risks and are therefore more likely to place themselves in danger (White & Hyde, 2010). In a parallel strategy the development of a national surf lifesaving system (Steps 4 and 5) funded in some destinations by the public sector and in others operated by a non-profit organisation has established a world class rescue-resuscitation service (Williamson et al, 2010b). Many popular beaches are patrolled by professional and volunteer life guards (step 5), and water conditions as well as safe places to swim are indicated on the beach by red and yellow flags.…”