Improving case study research in medical education: a systematised review

Cheek, Colleen; Hays, Richard; Smith, Janie Dade; Allen, Penny

doi:10.1111/medu.13469

Cited by 36 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…We used an instrumental case study design (Stake, 1995) with the structure of sequential multiple case studies (Cheek et al, 2018). Although case studies may have limited generalisability, by having a clearly defined research question as a focal point for seeking insight, we can provide some general understanding of phenomena occurring when introducing new learning innovations to a course.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PeerWise and Pathology: Discontinuing a teaching innovation that did not achieve its potential

Smith¹,

Dai²,

Kenwright³

et al. 2020

MedEdPublish

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Introduction Writing and answering multiple choice questions (MCQs) is a learning activity that potentially engages deep learning. We conducted three year-long case studies of MCQ writing and answering in PeerWise to engage students in learning Pathology. Methods Overall, an instrumental case-study design with the structure of sequential multiple case studies was used. Across three years fourth year medical students were required to write and answer MCQs. In 2016 students were provided with advice for writing questions and were encouraged to adhere to Bloom's taxonomy. In 2017, to reduce cognitive load, students were provided with a MCQ template and allocated topics. In 2018, to encourage engagement, students were informed that the top forty MCQs would be in the final exam. Results An evaluation survey was used to measure each student's perception of the MCQ exercise. In 2016 most students had a negative opinion of the MCQ exercise. Students found writing MCQs too time consuming and demanding. In 2017 student's attitudes to the MCQ exercise were more positive. In 2018 there were insufficient responses to the survey but informal student feedback suggested the MCQ exercise was considered an inefficient use of student study time. There were minimal changes in student's activity levels from 2016 to 2017. However, in 2018 when students were informed that the top forty MCQs generated would be included in their final exam they answered a greater number of MCQs than in previous years. Conclusions

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PeerWise and Pathology: Discontinuing a teaching innovation that did not achieve its potential

Smith¹,

Dai²,

Kenwright³

et al. 2020

MedEdPublish

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“…This research aimed to explore the experiences and perceptions of anesthetic professionals and trainees at The Children's Hospital at Westmead of using communication skills in pediatric anesthesia. Qualitative case study research, founded in an interpretivist research paradigm, enabled the exploration of this contemporary, real phenomenon from the perspective of anesthetic staff and involved rich description and the holistic investigation of the subject through multiple sources of data and methods . Case study research involves the exploration of participants’ experiences within social settings, demonstrating the “synergistic interplay” between people and circumstance .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Qualitative case study research, founded in an interpretivist research paradigm, enabled the exploration of this contemporary, real phenomenon from the perspective of anesthetic staff and involved rich description and the holistic investigation of the subject through multiple sources of data and methods . Case study research involves the exploration of participants’ experiences within social settings, demonstrating the “synergistic interplay” between people and circumstance . The constructs and values of researcher and participants are recognized as they collaborate to produce knowledge and meaning, increasing understanding of complex phenomena using a constructivist inquiry methodology.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiences, realities, and opinions of a wide range of local specialists, trainees, and anesthetic assistants (nurses) were explored to produce in depth yet broad data using a triangulated, multi‐valent approach . The authors suggest that this case study research therefore produced rich, multi‐layered, contemporary understanding of communication in pediatric anesthesia, despite its single location …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identifying the core attributes of pediatric communication techniques to be taught to anesthetic trainees

Mann

Kennedy

2020

Pediatric Anesthesia

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Background Anesthetic induction and other procedures performed by anesthetists are potentially stressful for children. Pediatric anesthetists use communication to rapidly establish rapport and engagement with children and reduce anxiety and discomfort. Communication in pediatric anesthesia is increasingly topical, but there is limited discussion regarding which specific techniques should be taught to trainees. Aims The aim of this research was to identify which communication techniques used locally by pediatric anesthetic specialists, trainees, and nurses are viewed as the most effective and valuable to teach trainees. Methods Qualitative semi‐structured focus groups (7) and in‐depth interviews (7) were used to gather data from 30 specialist pediatric anesthetists, trainees, and assistants from a major tertiary pediatric anesthetic department. Inductive and deductive thematic data analysis explored communication techniques used locally. Results The research identified the range of communication techniques being utilized to establish rapport and engage with children, including methods for distraction and focusing attention such as storytelling, guided imagery, and positive suggestions. Thematic analysis revealed a series of core overarching principles for successful application, using social skills within an adaptable, competent, child‐centered approach. Drawing on the experiences of specialist practitioners and trainees, teaching these communication techniques would ideally employ an interactive approach involving both modeling and specific communication education with focus on developing communication skills via experiential learning using self‐reflection and feedback. Conclusions Within the range of communication techniques being utilized by pediatric anesthetists exist a series of core principles that are essential to engaging and building rapport with children. Focusing on the importance of these common core elements in trainee education, in addition to the range of techniques available, may provide a pragmatic framework for centers providing pediatric anesthesia to consider when designing their trainee curriculum.

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“…Palmer'ın ileri görüşlülüğü takdire şayandır, çünkü günümüzde hastalara bütüncül yaklaşım büyük önem kazanmıştır. [12][13][14] Biyopsikososyal yaklaşım da bütüncül yaklaşımın bir meyvesidir. 15…”

Section: Holi̇zmunclassified

The Place and Importance of Chiropractic Science that Got Started on ''Innate Intelligence'' Philosophy of D.D. Palmer in the World and in Turkey

Ağaoğlu¹,

Salik²,

Mangan³

et al. 2018

J Tradit Complem Med

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D.D. Palmer'ın "Innate Intelligence" Felsefesiyle Başlayan Kayropraktik Biliminin Dünyada ve Türkiye'de Yeri ve Önemi Ö ÖZ ZE ET T Daniel David Palmer'ın keşfettiği kayropraktik bilimi 19. yüzyılda doğmuştur. Daniel David Palmer'ın 1895'li yıllarda "innate intelligence" felsefiyle ilk tohumlarını attığı kayropraktik, kanıta dayalı tıp bakış açısıyla dünyada gelişmeye devam etmektedir. Kayropraktik spinal manipülasyonların santral nöral plastik etkileri, nörofizyolojik etkileri, kortikal düzeyde özellikle prefrontal korteks üzerindeki olumlu etkileri, insanlar üzerinde yapılan, sayıları giderek artan klinik çalışmalarla kanıtlanmıştır. Türkiye'de kayropraktik bilimini, fizyoterapist ve tıp doktorlarına öğretmek için ilk akademik girişimler, 2004 yılında D.C. Mustafa Ağaoğlu önderliğinde başlamıştır. 2015 yılında Yüksek Öğretim Kurulu, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kayropraktik Yüksek Lisans Eğitimini kabul etmiştir. Bu çalışmada, modern kayropraktik biliminin babası Daniel David Palmer'ın "innate intelligence" felsefesine değinilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, "innate intelligence (bütünsel zekâ)" kavramı, 19. yüzyıl felsefeleri arasında yer alan vitalizm ve holizm, felsefenin bilimle ilişkisi, kayropraktik biliminin günümüzde tüm dünyada ve Türkiye'deki yeri ve önemi vurgulanacaktır. "Bütün hakikatleri keşfettikten sonra anlamak kolaydır; önemli olan keşfetmektir." Galileo Galilei A An na ah ht ta ar r K Ke el li im me el le er r: : Bütünsel zekâ; kayropraktik; felsefe; bilim; Dünya'da Kayropraktik; Türkiye'de Kayropraktik A AB BS ST TR RA AC CT T The chiropractic science, discovered by Daniel David Palmer, was born in the 19 th century. From the first seeds under the philosophy of Daniel David Palmer's "innate intelligence" in 1895's; the chiropractic continues to bloom in the light of evidence-based medicine for all the world. There is a growing number of human experiments conducted that have proven, there are central neural plastic effects, neurophysiological effects, favourable effects at cortical level, particularly within the prefrontal cortex following chiropractic spinal manipulations. In Turkey, the first academical attempt in order to teach chiropractic science to physiotherapists and medical doctors, was started by D.C. Mustafa Ağaoğlu in 2004. The Council of Higher Education in 2015 accepted a master degree of Chiropractic at Bahçeşehir University, Institute of Medical Sciences. In this review, we will adress "innate intelligence" philosophy of Daniel David Palmer who is the father of modern chiropractic science. In this context, the concept of "innate intelligence", vitalism and holism among the 19 th century philosophy, the relationship between philosophy and science, the place and importance of chiropractic science all over the world and in Turkey at present time will be emphasized. "All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered; the point is to discover them." Galileo Galilei.

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Improving case study research in medical education: a systematised review

Cited by 36 publications

References 28 publications

PeerWise and Pathology: Discontinuing a teaching innovation that did not achieve its potential

PeerWise and Pathology: Discontinuing a teaching innovation that did not achieve its potential

Identifying the core attributes of pediatric communication techniques to be taught to anesthetic trainees

The Place and Importance of Chiropractic Science that Got Started on ''Innate Intelligence'' Philosophy of D.D. Palmer in the World and in Turkey

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