“…Introduction. Nonlinear dynamics has played very important roles in identifying dynamics of neural electrical activities [10,29,32], which are involved in the information processing, locomotion control, cognitive functions, and brain disease [8,19,31]. These activities mainly include the steady state such as the resting state and the firing behavior composed of action potentials or spikes, for example, the spiking and bursting, which has been widely investigated with the conceptions of bifurcations and chaos [6,16,18,23,33].…”