Improving corrosion resistance of Cu−Al-based anodes in KF−AlF3−Al2O3 melts

Padamata, Sai Krishna; Yasinskiy, Andrey; Shabanov, A. V.; Bermeshev, T. V.; Yang, Youjian; Wang, Zhaowen; Cao, Dao Tran; Polyakov, P. V.

doi:10.1016/s1003-6326(22)65800-x

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In their further study, they report that the pre-oxidised Cu 90 Al 10 anodes do not form a metallic fluoride after the electrolysis at 800 ˚C when the anode is doped with 2 wt% Mn. 27 Helle et al investigated the mechanically alloyed Cu 92-x Al x Ni 5 Fe 3 anodes in potassium cryolite melt (45 wt% KF-50 wt% AlF 3 − 5 wt% Al 2 O 3 ) at 700 °C. 28 Electrolysis was performed on three different anode compositions (x = 6, 10 and 14 wt%) with an applied current density of 0.5 A.cm −2 .…”

Section: Inert Anode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Primary Production of Aluminium with Oxygen Evolving Anodes

Padamata

Singh

Haarberg

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Due to environmental and economic concerns, carbon-free aluminium production has been an ultimate goal for aluminium industries. For the past few decades, a considerable amount of research has been conducted to find an inert anode material that could replace the consumable carbon anodes for aluminium electrolysis. Anodic materials such as metals, ceramics, and cermets have been studied extensively. All these anode materials have their advantages and disadvantages. However, metal alloys have proven effective because of their resistance to high-temperature corrosion and their ability to produce a protective oxide layer. For a successful adaptation of metallic anodes into the aluminium electrolysis cell, an electrolyte with a low operating temperature and high alumina solubility with good electrical conductivity is required. A wettable cathode with a shorter anode-to-cathode distance is preferred to compete with the Hall-Héroult process in terms of energy requirements. This review discusses the research progress on inert anodes, wettable cathodes, and electrolytes.

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Section: Inert Anode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Primary Production of Aluminium with Oxygen Evolving Anodes

Padamata

Singh

Haarberg

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…It was found that the pre-oxidised Cu-Al has high corrosion resistance compared to nonoxidised anodes. Moreover, adding 2 wt.% Mn to the Cu-Al anode prevents the formation of metallic fluorides, which increases the ohmic drop (10).…”

Section: Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Production of Aluminium and Its Alloys in Molten Salts with Oxygen Evolving Anodes: Overview

Padamata¹,

Singh²,

Haarberg³

et al. 2022

ECS Trans.

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Due to environmental and economic concerns, carbon-free aluminium production has been an ultimate target for aluminium industries. For the last few decades, a considerable amount of research has been conducted to find a suitable inert anode that could replace the consumable carbon anodes for aluminium electrolysis. Material types such as metals, ceramics and cermets have been studied extensively. All the anode materials have their advantages and disadvantages. However, metallic alloys have been considered attractive anode material candidates due to their high electrical conductivity, thermal stability and easy fabrication and machining properties. For a successful adaptation of metallic anodes into the aluminium electrolysis cell, an electrolyte with a low-operating temperature and high alumina solubility is required. Another significant component of the carbon-free aluminium electrolysis cell is a wettable cathode. This overview discusses the research progress on inert anodes, wettable cathodes and electrolytes.

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“…Compared to ceramics and cermets, metallic anodes have shown promising results due to their high electrical conductivity, thermal shock resistance, robustness, ease of fabrication and easy electrical connectivity. 4 Cu-Ni-Fe [6][7][8][9][10] and Cu-Al [11][12][13] based alloys have extensively been studied in recent years in low-temperature electrolytes between 973 and 1123 K. This work is done in collaboration with Arctus Metals and IceTec in Iceland, who are developing an inert anode process. 10 The presence of Cu in the alloy is vital as the Cu oxides formed on the outer layer of the alloy prevent electrolyte penetration into the electrode.…”

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confidence: 99%

Anodic Behaviour of Ni₄₂Fe₃₈Cu₂₀ Electrode in Molten Fluoride Salts

Sævarsdóttir

Haarberg

Bourmaud

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The anodic behaviour of Ni42Fe38Cu20 alloy at different sodium-potassium-cryolite-based electrolyte compositions was examined by chronopotentiometry, chronoamperometry, and linear sweep voltammetry at 1098 K for different electrolyte compositions. Steady-state anodic polarisation curves show that the anodic overpotential in electrolytes with molar ratio CR=(NaF+KF)/AlF3=1.4 is significantly less than in electrolyte with CR=1.3. Short-term galvanostatic polarisation curves indicate that the potential difference between the anode and reference electrode (Al) was stable in electrolytes with CR=1.4 and potassium ratio KR=KF/(KF+NaF)=0.3 and CR=1.4 KR=0.35. The linear sweep voltammetry method indicates the presence of a diffusion-controlled reaction at a potential below the onset of oxygen evolution, which can be attributed to oxide formation. Tafel curves indicate the presence of the reactions below the potential of oxygen evolution but show a similar overpotential level for the oxygen-evolving reaction as for carbon anodes. Furthermore, the effect of pre-oxidation and influence of consistent polarisation on the anode performance was explored. Pre-oxidised anodes have better stability and lower exchange current density in similar experimental conditions compared to untreated anodes. It was also observed that leaving anodes unpolarised could lead to their instability and fluoridation of both types of anodes, with less severe effect on the pre-oxidised anode.

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Improving corrosion resistance of Cu−Al-based anodes in KF−AlF3−Al2O3 melts

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Review—Primary Production of Aluminium with Oxygen Evolving Anodes

Review—Primary Production of Aluminium with Oxygen Evolving Anodes

Primary Production of Aluminium and Its Alloys in Molten Salts with Oxygen Evolving Anodes: Overview

Anodic Behaviour of Ni₄₂Fe₃₈Cu₂₀ Electrode in Molten Fluoride Salts

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Improving corrosion resistance of Cu−Al-based anodes in KF−AlF3−Al2O3 melts

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Review—Primary Production of Aluminium with Oxygen Evolving Anodes

Review—Primary Production of Aluminium with Oxygen Evolving Anodes

Primary Production of Aluminium and Its Alloys in Molten Salts with Oxygen Evolving Anodes: Overview

Anodic Behaviour of Ni42Fe38Cu20 Electrode in Molten Fluoride Salts

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Anodic Behaviour of Ni₄₂Fe₃₈Cu₂₀ Electrode in Molten Fluoride Salts