Improving crop drought resistance with plant growth regulators and rhizobacteria: Mechanisms, applications, and perspectives

Zhang, Hui; Sun, Xiaopeng; Dai, Mingqiu

doi:10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100228

Cited by 104 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 139 publications

(213 reference statements)

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“…ZnO NPs application reduced the sodium concentrations in plants than respective treatments without nanoparticles. Furthermore, Zn increases the biosynthesis of the growth regulator IAA, which promotes cell division, cell elongation, and mineral absorption, resulting in increased plant growth ( Fernández and Brown, 2013 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Mitigation of salinity stress in barley genotypes with variable salt tolerance by application of zinc oxide nanoparticles

et al. 2022

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Salinity has become a major environmental concern of agricultural lands, impairing crop production. The current study aimed to examine the role of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in reducing the oxidative stress induced by salinity and the overall improvement in phytochemical properties in barley. A total of nine different barley genotypes were first subjected to salt (NaCl) stress in hydroponic conditions to determine the tolerance among the genotypes. The genotype Annora was found as most sensitive, and the most tolerant genotype was Awaran 02 under salinity stress. In another study, the most sensitive (Annora) and tolerant (Awaran 02) barley genotypes were grown in pots under salinity stress (100 mM). At the same time, half of the pots were provided with the soil application of ZnO NPs (100 mg kg–1), and the other half pots were foliar sprayed with ZnO NPs (100 mg L–1). Salinity stress reduced barley growth in both genotypes compared to control plants. However, greater reduction in barley growth was found in Annora (sensitive genotype) than in Awaran 02 (tolerant genotype). The exogenous application of ZnO NPs ameliorated salt stress and improved barley biomass, photosynthesis, and antioxidant enzyme activities by reducing oxidative damage caused by salt stress. However, this positive effect by ZnO NPs was observed more in Awaran 02 than in Annora genotype. Furthermore, the foliar application of ZnO NPs was more effective than the soil application of ZnO NPs. Findings of the present study revealed that exogenous application of ZnO NPs could be a promising approach to alleviate salt stress in barley genotypes with different levels of salinity tolerance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Mitigation of salinity stress in barley genotypes with variable salt tolerance by application of zinc oxide nanoparticles

et al. 2022

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“…These chemical substances include osmoprotectants (e.g., glycinebetaine), antioxidants (e.g., glutathione), and plant growth regulators (e.g., melatonin). They play vital roles in reducing the adverse effects of drought stress and enhancing plant drought tolerance and adaptability [ 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin Enhances Drought Tolerance in Rice Seedlings by Modulating Antioxidant Systems, Osmoregulation, and Corresponding Gene Expression

Luo

Min

Akhtar

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Rice is the third largest food crop in the world, especially in Asia. Its production in various regions is affected to different degrees by drought stress. Melatonin (MT), a novel growth regulator, plays an essential role in enhancing stress resistance in crops. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism by which melatonin helps mitigate drought damage in rice remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study, rice seedlings pretreated with melatonin (200 μM) were stressed with drought (water potential of −0.5 MPa). These rice seedlings were subsequently examined for their phenotypes and physiological and molecular properties, including metabolite contents, enzyme activities, and the corresponding gene expression levels. The findings demonstrated that drought stress induced an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS, e.g., O2− and H2O2) in rice seedlings. However, the melatonin application significantly reduced LOX activity and the MDA and ROS contents (O2− production rate and H2O2 content), with a decrease of 29.35%, 47.23%, and (45.54% and 49.33%), respectively. It activated the expression of ALM1, OsPOX1, OsCATC, and OsAPX2, which increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), respectively. Meanwhile, the melatonin pretreatment enhanced the proline, fructose, and sucrose content by inducing OsP5CS, OsSUS7, and OsSPS1 gene expression levels. Moreover, the melatonin pretreatment considerably up-regulated the expression levels of the melatonin synthesis genes TDC2 and ASMT1 under drought stress by 7-fold and 5-fold, approximately. These improvements were reflected by an increase in the relative water content (RWC) and the root-shoot ratio in the drought-stressed rice seedlings that received a melatonin application. Consequently, melatonin considerably reduced the adverse effects of drought stress on rice seedlings and improved rice’s ability to tolerate drought by primarily boosting endogenous antioxidant enzymes and osmoregulation abilities.

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“…Sustainable field management practices, targeted gene editing techniques and application of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms and plant growth regulators (PGRs) are particularly effective strategies ( Siddiqui et al, 2022 ). PGRs are natural products of small molecules that improve plant growth at very low concentrations, including trehalose, chitosan, humic acid, and gamma-aminobutyric acid, among others ( Zhang et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trehalose Outperforms Chitosan, Humic Acid and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid in Promoting the Growth of Field Maize

Guo

Zhou

2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Despite the fact that there are many distinct types of plant growth regulators (PGRs), the diverse ways in which they regulate plant development are rarely compared. In this study, four PGRs (trehalose, chitosan, humic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid) were selected and sprayed folially, and plant samples were collected while maize was at vegetative leaf stages 6, 10, and 14 (V6, V10, and V14, respectively) to reveal the effects of different PGRs on photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation, oxidative stress, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, hormone levels, and gene expression of maize. Results showed that 100 mg/L PGRs did not induce oxidative damage or repair activities in maize. Trehalose significantly increased chlorophyll content at V6 and promoted dry matter (roots and shoots) accumulation at V6 and V10. The activities of carbon and nitrogen metabolizing enzymes were significantly enhanced by trehalose treatment, which promoted the accumulation of sucrose and soluble sugar, but did not affect the biosynthesis of auxin and gibberellin at V6. Changes in carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzymes are regulated by transcription of related synthetic genes. Lower starch content and higher sucrose content in trehalose-treated maize leaves are important biological characteristics. Further analysis revealed that the effect of trehalose on the metabolic activity of maize was a short-term promoting effect (0–12 days), while the effect on maize growth was a long-term cumulative effect (13–28 days). Overall, exogenous trehalose induced stronger carbon and nitrogen metabolic activity, higher photosynthetic capacity and more dry matter accumulation than chitosan, humic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid.

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Improving crop drought resistance with plant growth regulators and rhizobacteria: Mechanisms, applications, and perspectives

Cited by 104 publications

References 139 publications

RETRACTED: Mitigation of salinity stress in barley genotypes with variable salt tolerance by application of zinc oxide nanoparticles

RETRACTED: Mitigation of salinity stress in barley genotypes with variable salt tolerance by application of zinc oxide nanoparticles

Melatonin Enhances Drought Tolerance in Rice Seedlings by Modulating Antioxidant Systems, Osmoregulation, and Corresponding Gene Expression

Trehalose Outperforms Chitosan, Humic Acid and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid in Promoting the Growth of Field Maize

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