Improving crop salt tolerance using transgenic approaches: An update and physiological analysis

Kotula, Lukasz; Caparrós, Pedro García; Zörb, Christian; Colmer, Timothy D.; Flowers, T. J.

doi:10.1111/pce.13865

Cited by 88 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…Plant growth and nutrient uptake seems to be disturbed under high salinity such as when K + is diminished and Na + and Cl − is increased (Flowers, Munns, & Colmer, 2015; Kotula, Garcia, Zörb, Colmer, & Flowers, 2020; Zörb, Geilfus, & Dietz, 2019). This well‐known pattern has also been found here for both V .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acclimatisation of guard cell metabolism to long‐term salinity

Franzisky

Geilfus

Romo‐Pèrez

et al. 2020

Plant Cell & Environment

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Stomatal movements are enabled by changes in guard cell turgor facilitated via transient accumulation of inorganic and organic ions imported from the apoplast or biosynthesized within guard cells. Under salinity, excess salt ions accumulate within plant tissues resulting in osmotic and ionic stress. To elucidate whether (a) Na+ and Cl− concentrations increase in guard cells in response to long‐term NaCl exposure and how (b) guard cell metabolism acclimates to the anticipated stress, we profiled the ions and primary metabolites of leaves, the apoplast and isolated guard cells at darkness and during light, that is, closed and fully opened stomata. In contrast to leaves, the primary metabolism of guard cell preparations remained predominantly unaffected by increased salt ion concentrations. Orchestrated reductions of stomatal aperture and guard cell osmolyte synthesis were found, but unlike in leaves, no increases of stress responsive metabolites or compatible solutes occurred. Diverging regulation of guard cell metabolism might be a prerequisite to facilitate the constant adjustment of turgor that affects aperture. Moreover, the photoperiod‐dependent sucrose accumulation in the apoplast and guard cells changed to a permanently replete condition under NaCl, indicating that stress‐related photosynthate accumulation in leaves contributes to the permanent closing response of stomata under stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acclimatisation of guard cell metabolism to long‐term salinity

Franzisky

Geilfus

Romo‐Pèrez

et al. 2020

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…Demand for the crop is increasing due to population growth and, to meet this demand, rice production will have to move to marginal lands many of which are salinized. Rice is susceptible to soil salinization, which is one of the major factors limiting its production (Ma et al, 2012(Ma et al, , 2018Kotula et al, 2020). Salinity stress damages leaves, reduces growth, delays panicle emergence and, most importantly, reduces yields (Caperta et al, 2020;Zeng & Shannon, 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

Sodium sequestration confers salinity tolerance in an ancestral wild rice

Solis

Yong

Venkataraman

et al. 2021

Physiologia Plantarum

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Wild rice Oryza rufipogon, a progenitor of cultivated rice Oryza sativa L., possesses superior salinity tolerance and is a potential donor for breeding salinity tolerance traits in rice. However, a mechanistic basis of salinity tolerance in this donor species has not been established. Here, we examined salinity tolerance from the early vegetative stage to maturity in O. rufipogon in comparison with a salt-susceptible (Koshihikari) and a salt-tolerant (Reiziq) variety of O. sativa. We assessed their phylogeny and agronomical traits, photosynthetic performance, ion contents, as well as gene expression in response to salinity stress. Salt-tolerant O. rufipogon exhibited efficient leaf photosynthesis and less damage to leaf tissues during the course of salinity treatment. In addition, O. rufipogon showed a significantly higher tissue Na + accumulation that is achieved by vacuolar sequestration compared to the salt tolerant O. sativa indica subspecies. These findings are further supported by the upregulation of genes involved with ion transport and sequestration (e.g. high affinity K + transporter 1;4 [HKT1;4], Na + /H + exchanger 1 [NHX1] and vacuolar H + -ATPase c [VHA-c]) in salt-tolerant O. rufipogon as well as by the close phylogenetic relationship of key salt-responsive genes in O. rufipogon to these in salt-tolerant wild rice species such as O. coarctata. Thus, the high accumulation of Na + in the leaves of O. rufipogon acts as a cheap osmoticum to minimize the high energy cost of osmolyte biosynthesis and excessive reactive oxygen species production. These mechanisms demonstrated that O. rufipogon has important traits that can be used for improving salinity tolerance in cultivated rice. K E Y W O R D S gene expression, ion transporters, Oryza rufipogon Griff, phylogeny, tissue Na + tolerance) is one of the most important agricultural crops and is the main source of carbohydrates for more than half of the world's population (FAO, 2019). Demand for the crop is increasing due to population growth and, to meet this demand, rice production will have to move to marginal lands many of which are salinized. Rice is susceptible to soil salinization, which is one of the major factors limiting its production (Ma et al., 2012(Ma et al., , 2018Kotula et al., 2020). Salinity stress damages leaves, reduces growth, delays panicle emergence and, most importantly, reduces yields (Caperta et al., 2020;Zeng & Shannon, 2000). A 50% yield loss is estimated at a salinity level of Celymar Angela Solis and Miing-Tiem Yong contributed equally to this study.

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“…However, as the rootstock did not contribute to the exclusion of salt from the shoots, a similar level of osmotic disturbance would be expected in the leaves of both of these plant groups. Differences in leaf proline levels might be due to different involvement of this compatible organic solute in osmotic adjustment, which is also favored by salt ions deposited in the vacuole [14]. Here, the high Cl − levels in the leaves of the grafted plants might have an important role.…”

Section: Physiological and Biochemical Parameters Of Pepper Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shoot water deficits are mitigated by stomatal regulation for increased water use efficiency, increased wall extensibility, and increased root hydraulic conductance. Adverse effects of high Na + and Cl − concentrations in the leaves are reduced by vacuolar compartmentation, tissue distribution, and organ-level partitioning [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Ungrafted and Grafted Bell Pepper Plants (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum (L.) Sendtn.) Grown under Moderate Salt Stress

Maršić

Štolfa

Vodnik

et al. 2021

Plants

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The response of grafted bell pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum (L.) Sendtn.) to salt stress was investigated by analyzing the photosynthetic traits and mineral content of the plants and the metabolic composition of the fruit. The bell pepper variety “Vedrana” was grafted onto the salt-tolerant rootstock “Rocal F1” and grown at two salinities (20 mM and 40 mM NaCl) and control (0 mM NaCl) during the spring–summer period. On a physiological level, similar stomatal restriction of photosynthesis in grafted and ungrafted plants indicated that grafting did not alleviate water balance disturbances under increased salt exposure. Measurements of midday water potential did not show improved water status of grafted plants. The similar metabolic changes in grafted and ungrafted plants were also reflected in similarly reduced fruit yields. Thus, this grafting did not reduce the risk of ionic and osmotic imbalance in pepper plants grown under moderate salt treatment. Changes in the biochemical profiles of the pepper fruit were seen for both added-salt treatments. The fruit phenolic compounds were affected by rootstock mediation, although only for the July harvest, where total phenolics content increased with 40 mM NaCl treatment. Fruit ascorbic acid content increased with the duration of salt stress, without the mediation of the rootstock. The high salt dependence of this quality trait in pepper fruit appears to lead to more limited rootstock mediation effects.

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Improving crop salt tolerance using transgenic approaches: An update and physiological analysis

Cited by 88 publications

References 131 publications

Acclimatisation of guard cell metabolism to long‐term salinity

Acclimatisation of guard cell metabolism to long‐term salinity

Sodium sequestration confers salinity tolerance in an ancestral wild rice

Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Ungrafted and Grafted Bell Pepper Plants (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum (L.) Sendtn.) Grown under Moderate Salt Stress

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