Improving diagnosis and treatment of women with angina pectoris and microvascular disease: The iPOWER study design and rationale

Coronary Microvascular Function and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women With Angina Pectoris and No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: The iPOWER Study

“…All women (18-80 years) referred between March 2012 and September 2014 for a clinically indicated diagnostic CAG due to angina-like chest pain and suspected obstructive CAD were screened according to previously described well-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria ( Figure 1). 10 We included both women referred for stable angina and women hospitalized suspected of unstable angina, since the latter may be first manifestation of stable angina. Women with elevated cardiac markers or ST-segment elevation were excluded ( Figure 1).…”

“…In a subsample of 50 participants from the iPOWER study, CFVR readings for the 2 observers were highly reproducible. 10 Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was analyzed by a skilled echocardiographer as an automated biplane calculation (Auto-EF tool; GE EchoPac v.112).…”

“…The iPOWER study (ImProve diagnOsis and treatment of Women with angina pEctoris and micRovessel disease) aims to investigate diagnostic possibilities and prognosis of impaired CFVR in women with angina-like chest pain and no obstructive CAD. 10 We investigated CMD prevalence measured with TTDE-assessed CFVR and the association with cardiovascular risk factors in women with angina who were consecutively sampled after diagnostic invasive CAG. Further, we examined whether CMD was associated with characteristics, severity, and frequency of angina-like chest pain and results of diagnostic stress testing.…”

Peripheral Endothelial Function and Coronary Flow Velocity Reserve Are Not Associated in Women with Angina and No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: The iPOWER Study

“…Inclusion and exclusion criteria were described in detail previously [25]. In short, participants with valvular or congenital heart disease, previous ischemic heart disease, elevated troponin or creatine kinase-MB biomarkers, ST-segment elevation, or left ventricular ejection fraction <45% were excluded.…”

“…Participants were women, aged 18-80 years, with persistent angina and no significant CAD (<50% stenosis on diagnostic CAG) sampled from the iPOWER (Improve Diagnosis and Treatment of Women with Angina Pectoris and Microvessel Disease) study [25]. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were described in detail previously [25].…”