Improving efficiency in electric motors

Lukaszczyk, Marek

doi:10.1016/s0262-1762(14)70080-x

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In addition, at low speeds or nominal boundary conditions, friction is determined by grease thickener alone and is lower than that predicted for base oil [12,14,15]. Grease film thickness is larger than calculated for a base oil at low speeds, and the same or smaller than calculated at higher speeds [5,[16][17][18][19][20][21]. Therefore, the wide range of speeds expected for EMs introduces additional challenges when selecting or designing greases for EV or industrial applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Effect of Temperature and Surface Roughness on the Tribological Behavior of Electric Motor Greases for Hybrid Bearing Materials

2021

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Greased bearings in electric motors (EMs) are subject to a wide range of operational requirements and corresponding micro-environments. Consequently, greases must function effectively in these conditions. Here, the tribological performance of four market-available EM greases was characterized by measuring friction and wear of silicon nitride sliding on hardened 52100 steel. The EM greases evaluated had similar viscosity grades but different combinations of polyurea or lithium thickener with mineral or synthetic base oil. Measurements were performed at a range of temperature and surface roughness conditions to capture behavior in multiple lubrication regimes. Results enabled direct comparison of market-available products across different application-relevant metrics, and the analysis methods developed can be used as a baseline for future studies of EM grease performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Although EVs are more energy efficient than ICEVs, energy losses in electric motors (EMs) are still considerable [3,4]. Mechanical losses in EMs mainly derive from friction in bearings [3,5,6]. Further, about 40-60% of early EM failures are said to be premature bearing faults [4,7], with most failures being due to improper lubrication [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Temperature and Surface Roughness on the Tribological Behavior of Electric Motor Greases for Hybrid Bearing Materials

2021

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“…Stress relieving heat treatment can reduce the iron losses in the laminations. Other efficiency increasing technologies are different lamination geometries, different winding geometries, different placement of the magnets, and using permanent magnets [9].…”

Section: Motor Designs For Improved Energy Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Verification of electric steel punching simulation results using microhardness

Laakso

Aydın

Krajnik

2021

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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One of the most dominant manufacturing methods in the production of electromechanical devices from sheet metal is punching. In punching, the material undergoes plastic deformation and finally fracture. Punching of an electrical steel sheet causes plastic deformation on the edges of the part, which affects the magnetic properties of the material, i.e., increases iron losses in the material, which in turn has a negative effect on the performance of the electromagnetic devices in the final product. Therefore, punching-induced iron losses decrease the energy efficiency of the device. FEM simulations of punching have shown significantly increased plastic deformation on the workpiece edges with increasing tool wear. In order to identify the critical tool wear, after which the iron losses have increased beyond acceptable limits, the simulation results must be verified with experimental methods. The acceptable limits are pushed further in the standards by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The new standard (IEC TS 60034-30-2:2016) has much stricter limits regarding the energy efficiency of electromechanical machines, with an IE5 class efficiency that exceeds the previous IE4 class (IEC 60034-30-1:2014) requirements by 30%. The simulations are done using Scientific Forming Technologies Corporation Deform, a finite element software for material processing simulations. The electrical steel used is M400-50A, and the tool material is Vanadis 23, a powder-based high-speed steel. Vanadis 23 is a high alloyed powder metallurgical high-speed steel with a high abrasive wear resistance and a high compressive strength. It is suitable for cold work processing like punching. In the existing literature, FEM simulations and experimental methods have been incorporated for investigating the edge deformation properties of sheared surfaces, but there is a research gap in verifying the simulation results with the experimental methods. In this paper, FEM simulation of the punching process is verified using an electrical steel sheet from real production environment and measuring the deformation of the edges using microhardness measurements. The simulations show high plastic deformation 50 μm into the workpiece edge, a result that is shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results.

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“…Permanent split-capacitor motors (PSCs), on the other hand, are found in older HVAC equipment. They are less efficient than ECMs, use more electrical energy and produce more heat (Lukaszczyk, 2014). Unlike ECMs, the fan drive and fan impeller in PSC motors are not integrated together, but rather connected through long cables.…”

Section: Fan Motor Waste Heatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing the Impact of the Phius HRV/ERV protocol on North American Passive House Certification

Tang¹

2021

Preprint

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The stated heat recovery efficiency of HRV and ERV units in North American passive houses is dependent on the testing procedures and calculation methods established by several pertinent performance testing standards. This project highlights major differences between the applicable HRV/ERV standards for North American passive houses: the European Passive House Institute standard, the Canadian CSA-439-09 standard, and the American HVI-920 standard. It further examines the proposed PHIUS protocol which established ɳPHUIS, a modified HRV/ERV heat recovery efficiency rating to more accurately reflect the North American climate. Simulations were performed to quantify its effect on the modelled annual heat demand for 31 certified passive houses. The results yielded two key findings. First, the margin of error for the new rating, ɳPHUIS, relative to the existing rating, Ɛ, is a function of the regional climate given by the equation: y = 0.00001x + 0.0012. Locations with a colder climate have longer winters, thereby increasing the heating demand and intensifying the margin of error. Second, small to medium sized houses with floor areas (<250m2), which formed 90% of the sample study, have the largest impact on the margin of error up from 3.8% to 12% compared to large homes (>250 m2) from 2.8% to 4.2%. The results validate the necessity for PHIUS’ proposed ɳPHUIS for North American HRV/ERVs.

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Improving efficiency in electric motors

Cited by 16 publications

References 2 publications

Effect of Temperature and Surface Roughness on the Tribological Behavior of Electric Motor Greases for Hybrid Bearing Materials

Effect of Temperature and Surface Roughness on the Tribological Behavior of Electric Motor Greases for Hybrid Bearing Materials

Verification of electric steel punching simulation results using microhardness

Analyzing the Impact of the Phius HRV/ERV protocol on North American Passive House Certification

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