Improving Energy Supply to Late Gestation and Early Postpartum Dairy Cows

Dann, H.M.; Varga, G.A.; Putnam, D.E.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(99)75407-x

Cited by 98 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Ingvarsten et al (1999) found that the decisive factor for achieving high performance was the meeting of nutritional requirements of dairy cows, which ensures their good health, body condition, and reproduction parameters. Other authors reported the same or similar results as well (Dann et al, 1999;Park et al, 2002;Veauthier, 2002;Agenas et al, 2003;Roche et al, 2003a). It is possible to consider slow eating, metabolic disorders, and considerable declines in body condition as symbols of poor and inadequate care of dairy cows during the transition period.…”

supporting

confidence: 66%

Non-structural carbohydrates in the nutrition of high-yielding dairy cows during a transition period

Poláková¹,

Kudrna²,

Kodeš³

et al. 2010

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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The main aim of this study was to investigate experimentally the effect of different composition of non-structural carbohydrates (NFC) in prepartum feed rations administered to high-yielding dairy cows at a high concentration of NFC in the diet on dry matter intake both before and after parturition and on subsequent milk performance, body condition and physiological traits of rumen fluid and blood. Thirty-six high-yielding dairy cows were allocated into one of the three well-balanced groups (K, O, and C), and each group received a different feeding rations. Feeding rations differed in non-structural carbohydrate (NFC) structure. The "K" (control) group received a feeding ration with NFC in the form of maize starch in particular, while the feeding rations of the other two (experimental) groups contained either (besides maize starch) saccharose from dried sugar beet (the "O" group) or a dominant amount of NFC was in the form of saccharose (the "C" group). After calving, all dairy cows were given the same feeding ration from the first day after parturition. The experiment was conducted for 21 days before and 50 days after calving. FR in the form of total mixed ration was offered ad libitum. Dry matter intake, milk performance, body condition, live weight, and blood and rumen parameters were recorded for the duration of the experiment. Average daily dry matter intake before calving was highest in the "K" group (14.32 kg per head). Differences among groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Prepartum dry matter consumption dropped as the rate of saccharose in the diet of cows increased. Dry matter consumption levelled off after calving. Milk yield was also highest in the "K" group (43.71 kg/head/day), but fatness of milk and thus the production of fat corrected milk were lowest in this group. The highest milk fat content (4.10%) and fat corrected milk production (44.03 kg/head/day) were recorded in the "C" group, whereas the highest milk protein concentration was found in the milk of the "O" group. The composition of NFC affected dry matter intake before parturition, but these concentrations did not significantly affect dry matter intake, milk yield, milk composition, live weight, body condition or blood serum and rumen fluid parameters after calving

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supporting

confidence: 66%

Non-structural carbohydrates in the nutrition of high-yielding dairy cows during a transition period

Poláková¹,

Kudrna²,

Kodeš³

et al. 2010

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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“…Grain supplementation improves energy balance and eases metabolic transition as cows approach parturition and reduce BW loss and increase milk production as lactation progresses (Dann et al, 1999;McNamara et al, 2003). Unlike in the present experi- (Grummer, 1995).…”

Section: Performance Parameterscontrasting

confidence: 53%

Effects of different forage-containing rations on metabolic parameters and milk yield in the peripartum of Holstein cows

Yüksel¹,

Hayırlı²,

Turgut³

et al. 2004

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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ABSTRACT:To evaluate the forage effects on performance and metabolic parameters, 24 Holsteins were randomly fed one of the diets containing a forage mixture with majority of alfalfa hay (AH), alfalfa silage (AS), or corn silage (CS) during the peripartum period. Milk production and dry ma�er intake (DMI) were recorded daily; body weight (BW) was measured and blood/urine samples were collected on day -21, 1, and 15 relative to parturition. The diets did not affect prepartum and postpartum BW changes and milk production. During the prepartum, DMI for cows fed hay was higher than for cows fed silages. During the postpartum, DMI was the highest for cows fed diet AH, followed by cows fed diets CS and AS. The diets did not affect serum glucose, Ca, P, and K concentrations. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration for cows fed diet CS was lower than for cows fed diet AS. Cows fed diet AH had the highest alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Serum cation-anion difference (SCAD) for cows fed AS was lower than for cows fed CS. Serum Ca concentration was not correlated with SCAD and ALP values, but Ca : P ratio was negatively correlated with serum K concentration. The diets did not influence urine pH and urine cationanion difference (UCAD) value. Urine Ca concentration and Ca : P ratio for cows fed CS were higher than those for cows fed AS. Urine pH was positively correlated with urine K concentration and UCAD value. In conclusion, the forage type did not affect prepartum performance. Silage, regardless of the kind, was advantageous over hay during the postpartum.

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“…Some studies with high starch prepartum feeds have found lower levels of NEFA in blood after calving when compared to low starch controls [57,70,81]. Others have found no effect [22,105,115]. The same appears to be true for liver fat content [50,105,115].…”

Section: Strategies To Decrease Body Mobilisationmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…As shown in Table I, there have been a number of studies that have investigated this dry cow feeding strategy [e.g. 22,50,57,70,81,93,115]. These studies all report a positive effect on dry period energy intakes of increasing the energy density of the ration (Tab.…”

Section: Strategies To Decrease Body Mobilisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priming the dairy cow for lactation: a review of dry cow feeding strategies

Friggens¹,

Andersen²,

Larsen³

et al. 2004

Anim. Res.

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-This paper reviews important aspects of dry cow feeding with emphasis placed on the preparation of the cow for the subsequent lactation. A number of feeding strategies, which have been proposed in recent years, are examined, alongside considerations of the effects of dry period length, levels of body reserves at calving and parity. A number of studies have reported the effect of varying the length of the dry period (in the range 0 to 70 days) on subsequent production and health. An 8 week dry period seems optimal though this should be adjusted to allow for the body condition score of cows at drying off. Avoiding extremes of body condition score at calving is desirable, so condition should be monitored throughout the lactation cycle. Attempting to achieve large changes in body reserves in the dry period has been associated with increased problems postpartum. The feeding strategies that are reviewed are strategies to decrease body mobilisation, prime for body mobilisation, prime the rumen for increased intake, prime for milk protein production and prime for calcium mobilisation and absorption. These strategies are also evaluated relative to their biological basis and reported physiological effects. Feeding high starch feeds in the latter part of the dry period was found not to provide clear benefits in terms of decreasing early lactation body mobilisation or increasing early lactation intake. Strategies aimed at priming the cow for the increased mobilisation of body lipid and body calcium that occurs in early lactation appear more favourable both from the point of view of making biological sense and from the available results reviewed. dry period / feeding / body condition score / dairy cattle / health Résumé -Préparation des vaches laitières à la lactation : bilan des stratégies d'alimentation des vaches taries. Cet article passe en revue les aspects importants de l'alimentation des vaches taries en mettant l'accent sur la préparation de la vache à la lactation suivante. Plusieurs stratégies d'alimentation proposées au cours des dernières années sont examinées, dans le même temps que des considérations portant sur les effets de la durée de la période sèche, du niveau des réserves corporelles au vêlage et du rang de lactation. Un certain nombre d'études ont montré que le fait de * Corresponding author: n.friggens@agrsci.dk 454 N.C. Friggens et al.faire varier la durée de la période sèche (dans une plage de 0 à 70 jours) avait un effet sur la production et la santé lors de la lactation suivante. Une période sèche de 8 semaines semble optimale, quoiqu'elle doive être ajustée en tenant compte de la note d'état corporel des vaches au moment du tarissement. Il est préférable d'éviter des notes extrêmes au vêlage ; l'état corporel devrait donc être surveillé tout au long du cycle de lactation. Les tentatives de vouloir effectuer de grandes modifications du niveau des réserves corporelles pendant la période sèche ont été associées à une augmentation des problèmes postpartum. Les stratégies d'alimentation exposé...

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Improving Energy Supply to Late Gestation and Early Postpartum Dairy Cows

Cited by 98 publications

References 54 publications

Non-structural carbohydrates in the nutrition of high-yielding dairy cows during a transition period

Non-structural carbohydrates in the nutrition of high-yielding dairy cows during a transition period

Effects of different forage-containing rations on metabolic parameters and milk yield in the peripartum of Holstein cows

Priming the dairy cow for lactation: a review of dry cow feeding strategies

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