Improving environmental stress resilience in crops by genome editing: insights from extremophile plants

DNA Delivery to Intact Plant Cells by Casein Nanoparticles with Confirmed Gene Expression

“…The Manders value is independent of different intensities between the evaluated channels, which assisted the current analysis because the Hoechst/DNA signal obtained was higher than the CNPs one. [82] The m 1 value represents the fraction of the green channel (CNPs) that overlaps with the blue channel (Hoechst/DNA) and is calculated using Equation (1).…”

“…Successful delivery of DNA and the genetic engineering of the plant genome are rapidly emerging as two of the most promising approaches to enhancing the ability of plants to produce beneficial compounds, adapt to climate change, [1,2] and enhance food CNPs with an average zeta potential of + 13.0 ± 4.9 mV evidenced successful intracellular and nucleus uptake. 3) The expression of DsRed was observed 24-48 h post-infiltration.…”

Enabling Trade in Gene-Edited Produce in Asia and Australasia: The Developing Regulatory Landscape and Future Perspectives

“…Although GEd evolved through a variety of approaches such as oligonuceotide directed mutagenesis (ODM), editing using zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), the most widely used GE technology is based on the CRISPR/Cas9 system, which was developed from a bacterial immunity mechanism [ 6 ]. The CRISPR-associated endonuclease (Cas9, a dsDNAse) enables what is essentially targeted mutagenesis: the site of the targeted cleavage of DNA is determined by the associated short 19–21 nucleotide single guide RNA (sgRNA).…”

“…The advantage of the CRISPR/Cas9 and associated GEd systems is their relative simplicity and adaptability. A comparison of tools used for GEd (ZFNs, TALENS and CRISPR/Cas9) is provided in [ 6 ].…”

“…From the summary provided in Figure 1 , we highlight a few examples of the applications of GEd technology to crop improvement, indicating that GEd, in one form or another, has been applied to all major crop plants including the cereals maize, rice, wheat, barley, sorghum, the staple potato, and industrial crops such as canola and cotton. Other major food crops with data in the EU-SAGE database include soybean, brassicas, tomato, oranges, grapefruit, cassava, flax, cucumber, watermelon and mushrooms, sugarcane, and sugarbeet [ 6 , 12 , 13 ]. The breeding targets include biotic factors such as resistance to diseases and pests (e.g., resistance to powdery mildew, rice blast, bacterial blight, citrus canker, viruses); quality traits such as the amylose:amylopectin ratio to reduce the Glycemic Index, high oleic acid content, flavor, reduced browning, reduced anti-nutritional factors, improved nutrition such as vitamins A, C, and D; herbicide tolerance; hybrid/breeding systems and maturity dates; grain size, grain number, number of tillers, protein quality, reduced pre-harvest sprouting, reduced allergenicity; improved stress tolerance (e.g., to drought, heat and cold stress), and trait stacking.…”