Improving friction stir weldability of Al/Mg alloys via ultrasonically diminishing pin adhesion

Meng, Xiangchen; Jin, Yanye; Ji, Shude; Yan, Dejun

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2018.02.022

Cited by 59 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Recent research [15] to [23] carried out with respect to friction stir welding has demonstrated that improvement has taken place in the mechanical properties of Al alloy joints, due to the refinement of the grain structures and modifications in the microstructure of the welded regions. For example, the experimental work by Yuan et al [17] investigated in detail the impacts of heat treatment (post weld) on the stability and formability of the friction stir welded tubes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Identification of Optimized Process Parameters for FSW of AZ91C Mg Alloy Using Quadratic Regression Models

Satheesh¹,

Sevvel²,

R³

2020

SV-JME

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This experimental work aims to devise and establish quadratic regression equations, including various input criteria of a friction stir welding (FSW) technique to predict and determine the responses during the fabrication of AZ91C Mg alloy joints. The input process parameters taken into consideration include the traversing speed of the tool, the speed of rotation of the tool, its pin profile (geometry) and the axial force. A five-level, 4 four-factor composite design (of central nature) was applied, and response surface methodology (RSM) was used to formulate quadratic regression models, to develop 3D response surface charts, and to anticipate the responses for various mechanical properties. The generated quadratic mathematical model was tested and validated using the technique of analysis of variance. Validation experimental trial results outlined in the form of scatter diagrams revealed precedented coincidence with that of the generated models. The AZ91C Mg alloy joints obtained using the tool having taper cylindrical pin geometry employed at 1045 rpm, 1.5 mm/s traversing speed, under the exertion of an axial load of 4.87 kN was found to exhibit improved mechanical properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Identification of Optimized Process Parameters for FSW of AZ91C Mg Alloy Using Quadratic Regression Models

Satheesh¹,

Sevvel²,

R³

2020

SV-JME

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“…In general, this difficulty can be solved by two methods, adopting solid-state bonding process or alloying the weld seam. Friction stir welding (FSW) [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ], resistance spot welding (RSW) [ 9 ], contact-reaction brazing [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], ultrasonic spot welding [ 13 , 14 , 15 ] and explosive welding [ 16 , 17 , 18 ] were employed for joining Mg–Al dissimilar metals, and the formation of IMCs was restrained by reducing the reaction temperature and reaction time of the liquid metal. However, decreasing the heat input could not completely eliminate the brittle IMCs in the joint.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Welding Speed on Characteristics of Non-Axisymmetric Laser-Tungsten Inert Gas Hybrid Welded Mg/Al Lap Joints with Zn Filler

Wang

Liu

2020

Materials

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A non-axisymmetric laser-tungsten inert gas (TIG) heat source was designed to join Mg–Al dissimilar metals with pure Zn filler at a series of welding speeds (500–900 mm/min). Laser and TIG heat sources respectively acted on Al and Mg base metals to precisely control their dissolution into the welding pool. The solidification rate of liquid metal was controlled by adjusting the welding speed, then the reaction process of Mg, Al and Zn could be accurately regulated. The results indicated that various microstructures including Al solid solution, Zn solid solution, Mg–Zn intermetallic compounds (IMCs) and eutectic structure formed in the joint produced at different speeds. Lower welding speed (500 mm/min) caused the microstructure coarsening and higher welding speed (900 mm/min) would lead to the enrichment of MgZn2 intermetallic compounds. At the optimal welding speed of 800 mm/min in particular, fine MgZn2 IMCs grains uniformly distributed in the Al and Zn solid solution. The tensile-shear load reached a maximum of 1052.5 N/cm and the joint fractured at the fusion zone near the Al base metal.

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“…As a solid state welding technique, friction stir welding (FSW) can effectively avoid the welding defects associated with conventional fusion welding because of the higher joint quality, smaller distortion, lower residual stress and pollution-free and so on, which has potential to join dissimilar Al/Mg alloys [11][12][13]. Currently, FSW has successfully achieved high-quality joints of similar Al alloys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, Sato et al [16] welded 6 mm thick sheets of 1050 Al and AZ31 Mg alloys under 90 mm/min and 2450 rpm and found that the cracks appeared in the stir zone (SZ) when the peak temperature was higher than 460°C. Mofid et al [17,18], Zhao et al [19], Wu et al [20] and Ji et al [11,12,21] used underwater FSW, stationary shoulder FSW (SSFSW) and ultrasonic assisted SSFSW to join Al/Mg dissimilar materials, respectively. Zhao et al [19] performed underwater FSW of Al and Mg alloys and found that the layer of IMCs was thinner than that in air.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wu et al [20] pointed out that ultrasonic could exert a little preheating effect on the welded workpieces, and did not influence the peak temperature. Meanwhile, Ji et al [11,12,21] reported that ultrasonic could break the IMCs into small particles and then address these problems according to the acoustic streaming of ultrasonic based on the stationary shoulder tool.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controllability of joint integrity and mechanical properties of friction stir welded 6061-T6 aluminum and AZ31B magnesium alloys based on stationary shoulder

Liu

Song

et al. 2019

High Temperature Materials and Processes

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In order to improve joint integrity and reduce the amount of intermetallic compounds (IMCs), 6061-T6 Al and AZ31B Mg alloys were successfully joined by stationary shoulder friction stir welding (SSFSW). The stationary shoulder effectively enhanced the joint surface integrity and reduced the thickness reduction of the Al/Mg joint. The elimination of pin adhesion was beneficial to increasing material transfer and then improving interfacial joining length of Al/Mg joint. Extremely thin IMCs layer could be achieved because of the heat sink induced by the stationary shoulder. The maximum tensile strength of the Al/ Mg joint reached 137 MPa at a welding speed of 60 mm/min, rotating velocity of 1000 rpm and offset to Mg sheet of 0.3 mm, which was 130% higher than that of conventional joint. SSFSW is feasible and has the potential to join dissimilar materials with the formation of IMCs, such as Al/Mg alloys, Al/copper alloys, Al/titanium alloys and so on.

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Improving friction stir weldability of Al/Mg alloys via ultrasonically diminishing pin adhesion

Cited by 59 publications

References 19 publications

Experimental Identification of Optimized Process Parameters for FSW of AZ91C Mg Alloy Using Quadratic Regression Models

Experimental Identification of Optimized Process Parameters for FSW of AZ91C Mg Alloy Using Quadratic Regression Models

Influence of Welding Speed on Characteristics of Non-Axisymmetric Laser-Tungsten Inert Gas Hybrid Welded Mg/Al Lap Joints with Zn Filler

Controllability of joint integrity and mechanical properties of friction stir welded 6061-T6 aluminum and AZ31B magnesium alloys based on stationary shoulder

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