Improving health with programmatic, legal, and policy approaches to reduce gender inequality and change restrictive gender norms

Levy, Jessica K.; Bose, Bijetri; Ríos-Salas, Vanessa; Mekonen, Yehualashet; Swaminathan, Hema; Omidakhsh, Negar; Gadoth, Adva; Huh, Kate; Darmstadt, Gary L.; Greene, Michael B.; Hawkes, Sarah; Heise, Lori; Henry, Sarah; Heymann, Jody; Klugman, Jeni; Levine, Ruth; Raj, Anita; Gupta, Geeta Rao

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30656-7

Cited by 169 publications

(143 citation statements)

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“…Reality: Restrictive gender norms affect the health of girls/women, boys/men, and gender minorities through multiple pathways. [24][25][26][27] For instance, using data from a nationally representative sample of adolescents aged 11-18 from U.S. schools, Weber et al, in this Series, found that students furthest from the median of a gender-normative measure for their same-sex school peers are at substantially increased risk for several health-related adverse outcomes. 25 Boys and men adhering to norms that enforce conventional masculine ideals are more likely to use various harmful substances, including tobacco and, consequently, have higher morbidity and mortality rates than women.…”

Section: Dispelling Myths On Gender and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 As described in Heise and Greene et al in this Series, this creates a "gender system" 24 that not only undermines the health and human rights of girls/women and gender minorities, but also promotes marginalisation of and discrimination against all those who transgress restrictive gender norms, including boys/men. [24][25][26][27] Additionally, research and advocacy on AIDS highlighted the role that rigid notions of masculinity have on boys'/men's behaviours, including taking sexual risks, which contribute to HIV incidence. 28 Increased research on men and masculinities, 29 coupled with a long-standing LGBT rights movement 30 and new movements of men for gender equality 31-33 has drawn attention to the ways in which dominant constructions of masculinity and femininity can be damaging to the health of boys/men and gender minorities, just as they are to girls/women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in countries with policies such as tuition-free education in primary school or ten-week paid maternity/parental leave, the odds that women had sole or joint decision-making power in the household increased and improved women's and children's health, relative to countries without these policies. 26 Programmes have also been shown to change gender norms and improve health outcomes 26 Myth III: Gender norms are elusive and cannot be measured. Reality: While a rich body of qualitative evidence on gender norms exists, 45,46 very few quantitative analyses of the impact of gender norms on health outcomes are available because direct measures of gender norms are absent in standard survey data.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Gender equality and gender norms: framing the opportunities for health

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The Sustainable Development Goals offer the global health community a strategic opportunity to promote human rights, advance gender equality, and achieve health for all. The inability of the health sector to accelerate progress on a range of health outcomes brings into sharp focus the significant impact of gender inequalities and restrictive gender norms on health risks and behaviours. In this paper we draw on evidence from the Series on Gender Equality, Norms and Health to dispel three myths on gender and health and describe persistent barriers to progress. We propose an agenda for action to reduce gender inequality and shift gender norms for improved health outcomes, calling on leaders in national governments, global health institutions, civil society organisations, academia, and the corporate sector to 1) focus on health outcomes and engage actors across sectors to achieve them; 2) reform the workplace and workforce to be more gender equitable; 3) fill gaps in data and eliminate gender bias in research; 4) fund civil society actors and social movements; and 5) strengthen accountability mechanisms. Paper 5 Lancet Series on Gender Equality, Norms and Health Key Messages of the Series • Gender norms and inequalities affect health outcomes for girls and women, boys and men, and gender minorities.

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Section: Dispelling Myths On Gender and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Gender equality and gender norms: framing the opportunities for health

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“…1 In The Lancet Global Health, Jessica Levy and colleagues 2 present findings from a global systematic review on the effect of the most rigorously evaluated programmes of gender-transformative intent on the health and wellbeing of children and young people. Building on a broader review in the Lancet Series on gender equality, norms, and health, 3 Levy and colleagues 2 put forward several key findings with implications for research and practice.…”

Section: Gender-transformative Programmes: Implications For Research mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-transformative programmes: implications for research and action

Kågesten

Chandra-Mouli

2020

The Lancet Global Health

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“…In addition, women may be forced to leave the profession because there is no support for maternity leave during residency training. However, paid maternity leave and parental leave policies in LMICs have been shown to improve health outcomes across sectors . Sharing and supporting maternal leave policies with our global health partners can help change these norms (Table ).…”

Section: Empowering Women Through Emergency Care Development In Lmicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fostering a Diverse Pool of Global Health Academic Leaders Through Mentorship and Career Path Planning

Newberry

Patel

Kayden

et al. 2019

AEM Education and Training

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Established in 2011, the Global Emergency Medicine Academy (GEMA) aims "to improve the global delivery of emergency care through research, education, and mentorship." Global health remains early in its development as an academic track in emergency medicine, and there are only a small number of global emergency medicine academic faculty in most institutions. Consequently, GEMA focused its efforts at the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) Annual Meeting in 2019 on developing a diverse pool of global health academics and leaders in emergency medicine. Current and previous members of the GEMA Executive Committee convened to appraise and describe how current GEMA efforts situate within existing knowledge in the arenas of professional development and mentorship. The 2019 SAEM Annual Meeting unveiled the Global Emergency Medicine Roadmap, a joint venture between GEMA and the residents and medical students (RAMS) group. The roadmap guides medical students, residents, and fellows in the exploration of global emergency medicine and career development. GEMA's mentorship roundtable complemented this effort by providing a version of speed mentoring across several critical areas: work-life balance, identifying near-peer and long-distance mentoring opportunities, negotiating with your Chair, finding funding, networking, and teaching abroad. Finally, the GEMAsponsored panel "Empowering Women through Emergency Care Development in LMICs" underscored the potential for empowering women through global emergency medicine development, including policy advocacy, inclusive research approaches, and mentorship and sponsorship. In summary, GEMA is committed to developing a diverse group of future global health leaders to guide the expansion of emergency medicine worldwide. Our work indicates critical future directions in global emergency medicine education and training including building innovative mentoring networks across institutions and countries. Further, we will continue to focus on growing faculty diversity, empowering underrepresented populations through emergency care development, and supporting rising global emergency medicine faculty in their pursuit of advancement and promotion.From the

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Improving health with programmatic, legal, and policy approaches to reduce gender inequality and change restrictive gender norms

Cited by 169 publications

References 46 publications

Gender equality and gender norms: framing the opportunities for health

Gender equality and gender norms: framing the opportunities for health

Gender-transformative programmes: implications for research and action

Fostering a Diverse Pool of Global Health Academic Leaders Through Mentorship and Career Path Planning

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