Improving hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis as a postulated mechanism for the antidiabetic effect of<i>Spirulina platensis</i>in comparison with metformin

Oriquat, Ghaleb A.; Ali, Mennatallah A.; Mahmoud, Shimaa A.; Eid, Rania M.; Hassan, Rania; Kamel, Maher A.

doi:10.1139/apnm-2018-0354

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…S. platensis has been reported recently to exhibit antihyperglycaemic effects, but the mechanism of action was not elucidated (23)(24)(25) . This study has examined the insulinotropic effects of S. platensis using the perfused rat pancreas, isolated mouse islets and the clonal BRIN-BD11 β-cell line.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Active constituents exhibit anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory and anticancer activities (22) . A recent animal study reported potential anti-diabetic effects of S. platensis, but the mechanisms underlying such effects are unknown (23)(24)(25) . In this paper, we have made a detailed study of effects of S. platensis on pancreatic insulin release, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibition and various gastrointestinal (GI) tract actions to elucidate the mechanism and therapeutic potential of S. platensis for improvement of diabetes control.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of Spirulina platensis on insulin secretion, dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity and both carbohydrate digestion and absorption indicate potential as an adjunctive therapy for diabetes

et al. 2020

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Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) has previously been shown in both animals and humans to be useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The present study aims to elucidate the effects of ethanol extract and butanol fraction of S. platensis on insulin release and glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetic rats, together with their mechanism of actions. Both in vitro and in vivo methods were used including cellular studies to determine potential role of ion channels and cAMP in the insulinotropic actions of the extracts. The ethanol extract and butanol fraction stimulated insulin release from mouse islets and pancreatic β-cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The butanol fraction also similarly stimulated insulin release from perfused rat pancreas. The insulin releasing action was augmented by glucose, isobutyl methylxanthine, tolbutamide and a depolarizing concentration of KCl. The insulin secretory effect was attenuated with diazoxide and verapamil and by omission of extracellular Ca2+. Butanol fraction was found to significantly inhibit DPP-IV enzyme activity. Moreover, butanol fraction improved glucose tolerance following oral glucose administration (2.5 g/kg b.w.). The butanol fraction was tested on 24 h starved rats given an oral sucrose load (2.5 g/kg b.w.) to examine possible effects on carbohydrate digestion and absorption. S. platensis substantially decreased post-prandial hyperglycemia after oral sucrose load and increased unabsorbed sucrose content throughout the gut. During in situ intestinal perfusion with glucose, the butanol fraction reduced glucose absorption and promoted gut motility. Finally, chronic oral administration of butanol fraction for 28 days significantly decreased blood glucose, increased plasma insulin, pancreatic insulin stores, liver glycogen and improved lipid profile. The characterization of active compounds from butanol fraction revealed the presence of p-coumaric acid, β-carotene, catechine and other antioxidant polyphenols. These findings indicate that S. platensis could be a novel adjunctive therapy for the management of type 2 diabetes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Spirulina platensis on insulin secretion, dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity and both carbohydrate digestion and absorption indicate potential as an adjunctive therapy for diabetes

et al. 2020

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“…In addition to microbial signals, there is the possibility that food components themselves influence mitochondrial function. Rat models (post-weaned, adult animals) indicate that mitochondrial function of liver and skeletal muscle can be modulated by dietary components [13,[46][47][48][49][50][51]. However, nothing is known about the effect of postnatal diet on mitochondrial function, especially in the splanchnic tissues that would be exposed to dietary components and microbialderived factors that might regulate metabolic pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal diet impacts liver mitochondrial bioenergetics in piglets fed formula or human milk

et al. 2020

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Background: Neonatal diet impacts many physiological systems and can modify risk for developing metabolic disease and obesity later in life. Less well studied is the effect of postnatal diet (e.g., comparing human milk (HM) or milk formula (MF) feeding) on mitochondrial bioenergetics. Such effects may be most profound in splanchnic tissues that would have early exposure to diet-associated or gut microbe-derived factors.Methods: To address this question, we measured ileal and liver mitochondrial bioenergetics phenotypes in male piglets fed with HM or MF from day 2 to day 21 age. Ileal and liver tissue were processed for mitochondrial respiration (substrate only [pyruvate, malate, glutamate], substrate + ADP, and proton "leak" post-oligomycin; measured by Oroboros methods), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and metabolically-relevant gene expression analyses.Results: No differences between the diet groups were observed in mitochondrial bioenergetics indices in ileal tissue. In contrast, ADP-dependent liver Complex I-linked OXPHOS capacity and Complex I + II-linked OXPHOS capacity were significantly higher in MF animals relative to HM fed piglets. Interestingly, p53, Trap1, and Pparβ transcript abundances were higher in MF-fed relative to HM-fed piglets in the liver. Mitochondrial DNA copy numbers (normalized to nuclear DNA) were similar within-tissue regardless of postnatal diet, and were~2-3 times higher in liver vs. ileal tissue. Conclusion:While mechanisms remain to be identified, the data indicate that neonatal diet can significantly impact liver mitochondrial bioenergetics phenotypes, even in the absence of a change in mtDNA abundance. Since permeabilized liver mitochondrial respiration was increased in MF piglets only in the presence of ADP, it suggests that formula feeding led to a higher ATP turnover. Specific mechanisms and signals involved with neonatal dietassociated differences in liver bioenergetics remain to be elucidated.

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“…Moreover, A. platensis (5% in the diet) counteracted renal injury and oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic rats [29]. A. platensis also showed antidiabetic effects in streptozotocin (STZ)-injected rats [30][31][32]; animals injected with STZ are also models of T1DM [28]. A. platensis (500 mg/kg body weight, 2 months) significantly decreased serum glucose, HbA1c, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and significantly increased the serum insulin concentration and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, as well as normalizing their mRNA gene expression and inducing upregulation of the gluconeogenic enzyme pyruvate carboxylase (PC), the pro-apoptotic factor Bax and caspase-3 (CASP-3), and TNF-α gene expression [31].…”

Section: Spirulina (Arthrospira) and Metabolic Alterationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors suggested that the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties of spirulina might be due to its polyphenolic components. In an HF diet/low-dose STZ (HFD/STZ) rat model of diabetes, oral doses of A. platensis (250, 500 or 750 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days were shown to ameliorate levels of fasting blood glucose, insulin, and hepatic enzymes [32]. A. platensis also influenced the serum lipid profile and exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect via TNF-α and adiponectin modulation, in turn, probably mediated by the sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1c (SREBP-1c) [32].…”

Section: Spirulina (Arthrospira) and Metabolic Alterationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edible Microalgae and Their Bioactive Compounds in the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Alterations

et al. 2021

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Marine and freshwater algae and their products are in growing demand worldwide because of their nutritional and functional properties. Microalgae (unicellular algae) will constitute one of the major foods of the future for nutritional and environmental reasons. They are sources of high-quality protein and bioactive molecules with potential application in the modern epidemics of obesity and diabetes. They may also contribute decisively to sustainability through carbon dioxide fixation and minimization of agricultural land use. This paper reviews current knowledge of the effects of consuming edible microalgae on the metabolic alterations known as metabolic syndrome (MS). These microalgae include Chlorella, Spirulina (Arthrospira) and Tetraselmis as well as Isochrysis and Nannochloropsis as candidates for human consumption. Chlorella biomass has shown antioxidant, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, antihypertensive, and antihyperlipidemic effects in humans and other mammals. The components of microalgae reviewed suggest that they may be effective against MS at two levels: in the early stages, to work against the development of insulin resistance (IR), and later, when pancreatic -cell function is already compromised. The active components at both stages are antioxidant scavengers and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators such as carotenoids and -3 PUFAs (eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic acid; EPA/DHA), prebiotic polysaccharides, phenolics, antihypertensive peptides, several pigments such as phycobilins and phycocyanin, and some vitamins, such as folate. As a source of high-quality protein, including an array of bioactive molecules with potential activity against the modern epidemics of obesity and diabetes, microalgae are proposed as excellent foods for the future. Moreover, their incorporation into the human diet would decisively contribute to a more sustainable world because of their roles in carbon dioxide fixation and reducing the use of land for agricultural purposes.

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Improving hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis as a postulated mechanism for the antidiabetic effect ofSpirulina platensisin comparison with metformin

Cited by 32 publications

References 43 publications

Effects of Spirulina platensis on insulin secretion, dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity and both carbohydrate digestion and absorption indicate potential as an adjunctive therapy for diabetes

Effects of Spirulina platensis on insulin secretion, dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity and both carbohydrate digestion and absorption indicate potential as an adjunctive therapy for diabetes

Neonatal diet impacts liver mitochondrial bioenergetics in piglets fed formula or human milk

Edible Microalgae and Their Bioactive Compounds in the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Alterations

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