Improving HPLC Analysis of Vitamin A and E: Use of Statistical Experimental Design

No data exist on the nutrient composition of some important Rwandan staples. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutrient content of red kidney beans, sweet potato roots, amaranth leaves and carrot roots. About 6 kg of each raw material were cleaned and conditioned prior to mechanical drying, ground and sieved [60-mesh] into flour and then subjected to quantitative analysis for proximate content,energy, calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), vitamin A and vitamin C. Proximate composition determination was done using Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), carbohydrates were determined by difference, energy was calculated, mineral analysis was done by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and vitamin analysis was performed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methods. The results showed that red kidney beans, sweet potato roots, amaranth leaves and carrots contain 21.48, 6.66, 29.46 and 13.8% of protein; 2.58, 1.68, 7.89 and 2.08% of fat; 60.86, 79.13, 19.29 and 57.38% of carbohydrate; 2.33, 2.68, 8.98 and 9.63% of fiber; 8.82, 8.74, 10.08 and 8.88% of moisture content; 3.94, 1.11, 24.30 and 5.16% of ash; 357.2, 363.7, 284.0, 322.9 kcal/100g of energy; and 146.4, 182.7, 26,290 and 1,247mg/kg of calcium,respectively. Red kidney beans, amaranth leaves and carrots contained8.54, 30.48, and 15.55 mg/kg of zinc; and 21.36, 219.1and 8.81 mg/kg of iron,respectively. Zinc and iron were,however,not detected in sweet potato samples analysed. Red kidney beans, sweet potato roots, amaranth leaves and carrot contained 768.0, 10,880, 399.4, and 6,413 IU/100g of vitamin A; and 2.67, 30.99, 330.3 and 6.76 mg/100g of vitamin C,respectively. In conclusion, the staples analysed contained appreciable amounts of nutrients and could be used to overcome malnutrition and allow dietary diversity. It could be recommended to prepare a Rwandanfood composition database in order to improve awareness on local grown crops’ quality.

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“…Vitamin A determination HPLC (Agilent Technologies 1260 Infinity, Santa Clara) with RP C18 column at 254 nm followed the standard method [16].…”

Section: Iron and Zinc Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of nutrient content in red kidney beans, amaranth leaves, sweet potato roots and carrots cultivated in Rwanda

Kambabazi¹,

Okoth²,

Ngala³

et al. 2021

AJFAND

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“…The retrieved information is used during medical examinations and for disease-prediction [18]. The telemedicine environment was adjusted to meet the requirements of the statistical evaluation of the captured bio-sensory data [19].…”

Section: Open Telemedicine Hub-softwarementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Available medical solutions are putting emphasis on data security and data privacy [23] [24]. It is critical to handle the user's data prudently in a secure manner.…”

Section: Solving the Data Privacy Issues For Telemedicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Revolutionizing Healthcare with IoT and Cognitive, Cloud-based Telemedicine

2019

APH

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Telemedicine instruments and e-Health mobile wearable devices are designed to enhance patients' quality of life. The adequate man-and-machine cognitive ecosystem is the missing link for that in healthcare. This research program is dedicated to deliver the suitable solution. This research's goal is the establishment of adaptive informatics framework for telemedicine. This is achieved through the deployed open telemedicine interoperability hub-system. The presented inter-cognitive sensor-sharing system solution augments the healthcare ecosystem through extended interconnection among the telemedicine, IoT e-Health and hospital information system domains. The general purpose of this experiment is building an augmented, adaptive, cognitive and also universal healthcare information technology ecosphere. This study structures the actual questions and answers regarding the missing links and gaps between the emerging Sensor Hub technology and the traditional hospital information systems. The Internet-of-Things space penetrated the personal and industrial environments. The e-Health smart devices are neither widely accepted nor deployed in the ordinary healthcare service. This paper reviews the major technological burdens and proposes necessary actions for enhancing the healthcare service level with Sensor Hub and Internet-of-Things technologies. Hereby we report the studies on varying simplex, duplex, full-duplex, data package-and file-based information technology modalities. We establish with that stable system interconnection among clinical instruments, healthcare systems and eHealth smart devices. Our research is based on the trilateral cooperation comprising the

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“…Consumption of fish containing these vitamins should be included in the dietary strategy to contribute to the fight against vitamin A deficiency. Depending on the structure and composition of food matrices, fat-soluble vitamins are more or less well released during extraction and digestion [9][10][11]. In fatty samples, saponification is used to release retinyl esters and retinol bound to the complex network of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The official protocol (AOAC 992.06) recommends saponification at 70°C for 25 min [9]. Different saponification protocols have been proposed to take into account the complexity of food matrices such as fortified margarine [10], other food and meat [4,9,12,[15][16][17] and biological samples [18][19][20][21][22][23] (Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of an experimental design to optimise the saponification reaction and the quantification of vitamins A₁ and A₂ in whole fish

Sroy

Servent

Sriwichai

et al. 2023

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research

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Abstract. In ASEAN countries, small freshwater fish species contribute to the nutritional needs of people with few livelihoods by providing them with significant amounts of protein, fat, vitamins and minerals. Some species are eaten whole (with their organs, skin, bones, head and eyes). To estimate the vitamin A content of these foods, conventional saponification has been applied but has not been able to fully release the retinol. Our objective was to optimise the conditions of vitamin A saponification in whole fish to have a reliable estimate of their contribution to intakes. The effects of temperature and saponification time on the retinol quantification of whole fish were evaluated using a two-factor experimental design. Reaction time had a significant effect on the saponification of standard retinyl palmitate and whole fish (p≤0.05). For whole fish, the best conditions for the saponification were to heat the samples to 80 °C for 43 minutes. Under these conditions, the retinol is well liberated from the matrix and protected from degradation and isomerisation reactions. The time-temperature couple used is more intense than that recommended for quantifying vitamin A in milk or enriched margarines. The protective effect of the food matrix against the release of retinol is evident. Vitamin A2 alcohol (3,4-didehydroretinol) was detected in five species and the overall vitamin A contents ranged from 9.6 to 737.5 μg RE/100 g in species frequently consumed in Cambodia. The two species of small fish consumed whole were the ones that contained significantly more vitamin A among the ten tested (p≤0.05). Highlights: Vitamin A2 alcohol was quantified in five fish species. The official saponification partially released retinol in whole fish. The optimised reaction required heating the sample to 80 °C for 43 min.

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Improving HPLC Analysis of Vitamin A and E: Use of Statistical Experimental Design

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Evaluation of nutrient content in red kidney beans, amaranth leaves, sweet potato roots and carrots cultivated in Rwanda

Evaluation of nutrient content in red kidney beans, amaranth leaves, sweet potato roots and carrots cultivated in Rwanda

Revolutionizing Healthcare with IoT and Cognitive, Cloud-based Telemedicine

Use of an experimental design to optimise the saponification reaction and the quantification of vitamins A₁ and A₂ in whole fish

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Improving HPLC Analysis of Vitamin A and E: Use of Statistical Experimental Design

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Evaluation of nutrient content in red kidney beans, amaranth leaves, sweet potato roots and carrots cultivated in Rwanda

Evaluation of nutrient content in red kidney beans, amaranth leaves, sweet potato roots and carrots cultivated in Rwanda

Revolutionizing Healthcare with IoT and Cognitive, Cloud-based Telemedicine

Use of an experimental design to optimise the saponification reaction and the quantification of vitamins A1 and A2 in whole fish

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Use of an experimental design to optimise the saponification reaction and the quantification of vitamins A₁ and A₂ in whole fish