Improving hydrogen-rich gas-based shaft furnace direct reduction of fired hematite pellets by modifying basicity

Shi, Yue; Zhu, Deqing; Pan, Jian; Guo, Zhengqi; Lu, Shenghu; Xu, Mengjie

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117782

Cited by 22 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These oxides give the so-called basicity index normally evaluated as the rate CaO/SiO 2 . [31] Another important aspect is that porosity tends to increase as the reduction processes proceed. This phenomenon tends to lead to an acceleration of the reaction kinetics as the reduction process advances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen‐Based Direct Reduction of Iron Oxides Pellets Modeling

Cavaliere

Perrone

Marsano

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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The present study deals with the analyses of the direct reduction kinetics during the hydrogen reduction of industrial iron oxide pellets. Various types of pellets with different percentage of total iron content and metal oxides are examined. They are reduced at different temperatures and pressure (700–1100 °C and 1–6 bar) in hydrogen atmosphere. The reduction behavior is described in terms of time to reduction, rate of reduction, and kinetics constant. All the obtained results are analyzed through the employment of a commercial multiobjective optimization tool to precisely define the weight that each single parameter has on the reduction behavior. It is shown that from the point of view of the processing conditions, temperature is the main factor influencing the time to total reduction. From the point of view of the pellets properties, it is mainly influenced by the total iron percentage and then by porosity and basicity index. Also, the kinetics behavior is largely influenced by the reduction temperature even if it is mainly governed by the porosity and pores size from the point of view of the reduced pellets. The reduction rate is also mainly influenced by temperature and then by iron percentage, gas pressure, basicity index, and porosity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen‐Based Direct Reduction of Iron Oxides Pellets Modeling

Cavaliere

Perrone

Marsano

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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“…Another aspect in connection with mineral materials that serve as feedstock for sustainable metal production processes is their porosity as well as their mechanical properties at higher temperatures. ,,,− In the latter context, in particular compressive strength, fracture toughness, and abrasion response matter. − The reason for placing attention on these specific features is that the ores as well as their refined and sintered pellet agglomerates experience high static and dynamic loads in shaft and fluidized bed furnaces, all at high temperatures between 600 and 950 °C. During these loading scenarios they can undergo fracture, softening and abrasion processes which can lead to the accumulation of fine oxide dust between the ore pellets.…”

Section: Feedstock For Sustainable Metal Production: Minerals Metals ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Materials Science behind Sustainable Metals and Alloys

Raabe

2023

Chem. Rev.

135

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Production of metals stands for 40% of all industrial greenhouse gas emissions, 10% of the global energy consumption, 3.2 billion tonnes of minerals mined, and several billion tonnes of by-products every year. Therefore, metals must become more sustainable. A circular economy model does not work, because market demand exceeds the available scrap currently by about two-thirds. Even under optimal conditions, at least one-third of the metals will also in the future come from primary production, creating huge emissions. Although the influence of metals on global warming has been discussed with respect to mitigation strategies and socio-economic factors, the fundamental materials science to make the metallurgical sector more sustainable has been less addressed. This may be attributed to the fact that the field of sustainable metals describes a global challenge, but not yet a homogeneous research field. However, the sheer magnitude of this challenge and its huge environmental effects, caused by more than 2 billion tonnes of metals produced every year, make its sustainability an essential research topic not only from a technological point of view but also from a basic materials research perspective. Therefore, this paper aims to identify and discuss the most pressing scientific bottleneck questions and key mechanisms, considering metal synthesis from primary (minerals), secondary (scrap), and tertiary (re-mined) sources as well as the energy-intensive downstream processing. Focus is placed on materials science aspects, particularly on those that help reduce CO2 emissions, and less on process engineering or economy. The paper does not describe the devastating influence of metal-related greenhouse gas emissions on climate, but scientific approaches how to solve this problem, through research that can render metallurgy fossil-free. The content is considering only direct measures to metallurgical sustainability (production) and not indirect measures that materials leverage through their properties (strength, weight, longevity, functionality).

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“…The reduction rate is increased if the alumina content is <3%. These oxides give the so-called basicity index normally evaluated as the rate CaO/SiO2 [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical analysis of variable atmosphere gaseous reduction of iron oxides pellets

Cavaliere

Perrone

Marsano

2023

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

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The paper deals with the analyses of the direct reduction kinetics of industrial iron oxide pellets. Various types of pellets were reduced at different temperatures and pressure (700-1100°C and 1-6 bar) in various atmospheres with different contents of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The reduction behaviour was described in terms of time to reduction, rate of reduction, and kinetics constant. For those pellets reduced in presence of carbon monoxide, also the carbon percentage in the reduced pellets was taken into account. All the obtained results were analysed through the employment of a commercial multi-objective optimisation tool (modeFrontier) in order to precisely define the weight that each single parameter has on the reduction behaviour of the pellets. The performed analyses allowed also to correlate the different processing parameters and the pellets properties in order to define the kinetics conditions as well as the factors limiting the reduction process.

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Improving hydrogen-rich gas-based shaft furnace direct reduction of fired hematite pellets by modifying basicity

Cited by 22 publications

References 29 publications

Hydrogen‐Based Direct Reduction of Iron Oxides Pellets Modeling

Hydrogen‐Based Direct Reduction of Iron Oxides Pellets Modeling

The Materials Science behind Sustainable Metals and Alloys

Critical analysis of variable atmosphere gaseous reduction of iron oxides pellets

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