“…Cyber threats are highly impacted by senior management (Shillair et al, 2022). Empirical evidence suggests that top management support reduces the impact of institutional pressures on the organization's overall cybersecurity strategy (Ogbanufe et al, 2021), increases cybersecurity maturity (Kumar et al, 2021;Heymann et al, 2022;Loonam et al, 2022) and has a noteworthy influence on a company's information security performance (Mukundan and Prakash Sai, 2014;Atmojo et al, 2019;Klju cnikov et al, 2019;Shaikh and Siponen, 2023). Leadership, JSIT 26,2 including transformational leadership (Loonam et al, 2022;Trim and Lee, 2022) and ethical leadership (Wang and Xu, 2021), plays an active role in institutionalizing security processes and creating a supportive structure to enhance the development and application of cognitive understanding in cybersecurity management (Onumo et al, 2021).…”