Improving intoxicated witness recall with the Enhanced Cognitive Interview

Crossland, Deborah; Kneller, Wendy; Wilcock, Rachel

doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05531-x

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, Jores et al’s meta-analysis focused on the effect of alcohol intoxication on free and cued recall. Recent research has examined whether intoxicated people might benefit from being interviewed using empirically based interview protocols (e.g., Crossland et al, 2020 ). Crossland et al (2020) , for example, showed that although intoxicated participants did not additionally benefit from receiving a well-conducted interview, all participants (intoxicated or not) did have more complete statements when a well conducted interview was applied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent research has examined whether intoxicated people might benefit from being interviewed using empirically based interview protocols (e.g., Crossland et al, 2020 ). Crossland et al (2020) , for example, showed that although intoxicated participants did not additionally benefit from receiving a well-conducted interview, all participants (intoxicated or not) did have more complete statements when a well conducted interview was applied. Apart from Jores et al’s meta-analysis, future meta-analyses might concentrate on other important practical aspects on how alcohol affects memory such as whether it might affect the reporting of suggested information or whether a Cognitive Interview might counteract the debilitating memory effects of alcohol (see also Bartlett et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The importance of the smallest effect size of interest in expert witness testimony on alcohol and memory

et al. 2022

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Memory experts are sometimes asked to evaluate the validity of accounts of witnesses, victims, or suspects. In some of these cases, they are asked what effect alcohol has on the validity of such accounts. In this article, we offer a guide on what expert witnesses can reliably say about how alcohol affects memory. We do so by resorting to effect sizes from previous studies and meta-analytic work, and address this novel question: Are these effect sizes meaningful in legal cases? More specifically, we argue that any determination of whether individual studies about alcohol and memory are practically relevant for legal cases, scientists must focus on the smallest effect size of interest. We make the case that a decrease or increase of only 1 detail, especially an incorrect detail, should be regarded as the smallest effect size of interest in this line of research. In line with this idea, we show that effect sizes in the alcohol and memory literature are often larger than this smallest effect size of interest. This finding is important because it implies that alcohol often exerts a practically relevant and meaningful detrimental effect on the reporting of both correct and incorrect details, which in turn negatively affects the validity of witness testimony.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of the smallest effect size of interest in expert witness testimony on alcohol and memory

et al. 2022

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“…For example, Bartlett et al (2021) found that intoxicated mock witnesses provided significantly fewer details when recalling an opportunistic theft, but their accounts were as accurate as those of sober participants. Crossland et al (2020) compared different interview types and tested mildly, moderately, and severely intoxicated individuals. Sober participants’ accounts of a mock theft were significantly more complete than those of severely intoxicated individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of post-encoding alcohol consumption on episodic memory recall and remember-know responses in heavy drinkers

Butterworth

Hand²,

Lorimer³

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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IntroductionPeople often consume alcohol following trauma, particularly in response to distressing memories. To date, little is known about how post-encoding alcohol consumption influences episodic memory recall for negative events. Understanding these effects may help to improve support for trauma victims – for example, witnesses and victims of crimes.MethodsWe tested 60 participants who self-described as heavy drinkers. After watching an analog trauma film, half were allocated to consuming a moderate dose of alcohol (Alcohol-Exposed group), while half received a placebo drink (Placebo-Control group). Immediately and after a one-week delay, participants recalled the event via free and cued recall tasks. Participants also gave remember-know responses and confidence ratings, elucidating alcohol’s effect on experiential memory.ResultsFree recall performance was similar for the Alcohol-Exposed group and the Placebo-Control group during Sessions 1 and 2. The Alcohol-Exposed group benefitted more from the delayed repeated retrieval attempt. For the cued recall task, the Alcohol-Exposed group provided more “Do not Know” responses compared to the Placebo-Control group in both sessions. For the Alcohol-Exposed group only “Correct Know” responses increased from Session 1 to 2. Although memory performance improved across sessions, confidence levels decreased from Session 1 to 2 in the Alcohol-Exposed group.DiscussionPost-encoding alcohol consumption appears to impact immediate episodic memory retrieval; however, this effect is only temporary in nature. No evidence was found that alcohol primarily reduces remembering responses. Much like previous findings focusing on pre-encoding alcohol consumption (Hagsand et al., 2017), current findings suggest that providing individuals who drank alcohol after witnessing an incident with a delayed repeated retrieval attempt can lead to more complete and accurate testimonies.

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No evidence that low levels of intoxication at both encoding and retrieval impact scores on the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale

et al. 2021

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Improving intoxicated witness recall with the Enhanced Cognitive Interview

Cited by 4 publications

References 109 publications

The importance of the smallest effect size of interest in expert witness testimony on alcohol and memory

The importance of the smallest effect size of interest in expert witness testimony on alcohol and memory

The impact of post-encoding alcohol consumption on episodic memory recall and remember-know responses in heavy drinkers

No evidence that low levels of intoxication at both encoding and retrieval impact scores on the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale

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