Improving laminate quality in wet lay-up/vacuum bag processes by magnet assisted composite manufacturing (MACM)

Amirkhosravi, Mehrad; Pishvar, Maya; Altan, M. Cengiz

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.03.032

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Moreover, some other methods to achieve a low void content have been proposed: compressing mold walls during injection, 79 applying a permanent post-fill pressure (packing pressure) after injection, [80][81][82] light waxing of the mold surface with buffing, applying vibration to the mold, [83][84][85] applying sufficiently high magnetic compressive pressure, etc. 86,87 However, for an accurate evaluation of the influence of processing parameters on the part quality, particularly void formation, optimization of those parameters should be performed in a set, not based on individual parameters, but taking into account any probable interdependency between the parameters. For instance, .…”

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confidence: 99%

Voids in fiber-reinforced polymer composites: A review on their formation, characteristics, and effects on mechanical performance

Mehdikhani

Gorbatikh

Verpoest

2018

Journal of Composite Materials

596

305

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Voids, the most studied type of manufacturing defects, form very often in processing of fiber-reinforced composites. Due to their considerable influence on physical and thermomechanical properties of composites, they have been extensively studied, with the focus on three research tracks: void formation, characteristics, and mechanical effects. Investigation of voids in composites started around half a century ago and is still an active research field in composites community. This is because of remaining unknowns and uncertainties about voids as well as difficulties in their suppression in modern manufacturing techniques like out-of-autoclave curing and parts with high complexity, further complicated by increased viscosity of modified resins. Finally, this is because of the increasing interest in realization of more accurate void rejection limits that would tolerate some voidage. The current study reviews the research on formation, characterization, and mechanical effects of voids, which has been conducted over the past five decades. Investigation and control of void formation, using experimental and modeling approaches, in liquid composite molding as well as in prepreg composite processing are surveyed. Techniques for void characterization with their advantages and disadvantages are described. Finally, the effect of voids on a broad range of mechanical properties, including inter-laminar shear, tensile, compressive, and flexural strength as well as fracture toughness and fatigue life, is appraised. Both experimental and simulation approaches and results, concerning voids' effects, are reviewed.

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confidence: 99%

Voids in fiber-reinforced polymer composites: A review on their formation, characteristics, and effects on mechanical performance

Mehdikhani

Gorbatikh

Verpoest

2018

Journal of Composite Materials

596

305

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“…In the fifth and sixth scenarios, W-RM-EPON and WM-RM-EPON, the fabric is random mat E-glass, while the resin system is replaced with EPON which has a moderately higher viscosity of 766.9 mPa s compared to 296 mPa s for INF resin. A more detailed analysis of the last four scenarios can be found in Pishvar et al 2017 and Amirkhosravi et al 2017 38 39 .…”

Section: Representative Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once the experiment is finished, calculate the flexural strength as well as flexural modulus of the specimens 39 40 .…”

Section: Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, due to the absence of a uniform, high pressure, the laminates produced by these methods often have lower mechanical properties compared to those made in autoclaves 37 . Recently, a novel technique referred to as magnet assisted composite manufacturing (MACM) has been utilized for improving the quality of wet lay-up vacuum bag composite laminates by applying a consolidation pressure generated by a set of high power permanent magnets 38 39 . The application of this technique was then extended to produce high-quality, structural composite laminates out of an autoclave using high-temperature permanent magnets 40 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnet Assisted Composite Manufacturing: A Flexible New Technique for Achieving High Consolidation Pressure in Vacuum Bag/Lay-Up Processes

Pishvar

Amirkhosravi

Altan

2018

JoVE

Self Cite

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This work demonstrates a protocol to improve the quality of composite laminates fabricated by wet lay-up vacuum bag processes using the recently developed magnet assisted composite manufacturing (MACM) technique. In this technique, permanent magnets are utilized to apply a sufficiently high consolidation pressure during the curing stage. To enhance the intensity of the magnetic field, and thus, to increase the magnetic compaction pressure, the magnets are placed on a magnetic top plate. First, the entire procedure of preparing the composite lay-up on a magnetic bottom steel plate using the conventional wet lay-up vacuum bag process is described. Second, placement of a set of Neodymium-Iron-Boron permanent magnets, arranged in alternating polarity, on the vacuum bag is illustrated. Next, the experimental procedures to measure the magnetic compaction pressure and volume fractions of the composite constituents are presented. Finally, methods used to characterize microstructure and mechanical properties of composite laminates are discussed in detail. The results prove the effectiveness of the MACM method in improving the quality of wet lay-up vacuum bag laminates. This method does not require large capital investment for tooling or equipment and can also be used to consolidate geometrically complex composite parts by placing the magnets on a matching top mold positioned on the vacuum bag.

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“…With more compaction, more amount of adhesive can be squeezed out of the patch which increases the fibre volume fraction and reduces adhesive layer between SS plate and carbon fibre. Hence the adhesive bond strength increases [20].…”

Section: Vacuum Pressure Effect On Bond Strengthmentioning

confidence: 97%

Overhauling of Steel Pipes Using Vacuum Bagging Processed CFRP Patch

Chokka¹,

Ben²,

Srinadh³

2019

Adhesives and Adhesive Joints in Industry Applications

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The present work deals with the experimental study on rehabilitation of damaged steel pipes. The process of rehabilitation was done by using adhesive bonded CFRP patch on damaged sites of the pipes with the help of vacuum bagging setup. The reference optimal parameters to rehabilitate the damaged pipes were considered from the tensile test (tensile shear load) conducted on plates. The rehabilitated pipes were tested under hydrostatic pressure. The two-component structural adhesive (Araldite AW105 and Hardener HV 953U) used in this study has high viscosity. It is not desirable for CFRP composite making and may lead to improper penetration of adhesive through open pores of the adherent surface. The viscosity of the adhesive was reduced in two ways: addition of a low viscous two-component nonstructural adhesive (Araldite LY-1564 and Aradur-22962) and heating the adhesive. Vacuum pressure, bond length and pre-bond surface preparation of the adherents were considered as parameters to evaluate the bond strength. The roughness of different samples was studied using a 3D microscope. The surface morphology of adherent was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Based on the experimental studies, it is observed that the optimal conditions of the tensile data of the plates hold good for the rehabilitated pipe under hydrostatic loading.

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Improving laminate quality in wet lay-up/vacuum bag processes by magnet assisted composite manufacturing (MACM)

Cited by 33 publications

References 29 publications

Voids in fiber-reinforced polymer composites: A review on their formation, characteristics, and effects on mechanical performance

Voids in fiber-reinforced polymer composites: A review on their formation, characteristics, and effects on mechanical performance

Magnet Assisted Composite Manufacturing: A Flexible New Technique for Achieving High Consolidation Pressure in Vacuum Bag/Lay-Up Processes

Overhauling of Steel Pipes Using Vacuum Bagging Processed CFRP Patch

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