Improving Lodging Resistance: Using Wheat and Rice as Classical Examples

Shah, Liaqat; Yahya, Mohamad Nur; Shah, Syed Mehar Ali; Nadeem, Muhammad Azhar; Ali, Ahmad; Ali, Asif; Wang, Jing; Riaz, Muhammad Waheed; Rehman, Shamsur; Wu, Weixun; Khan, Riaz Muhammad; Abbas, Adil; Riaz, Aamir; Anis, Galal Bakr; Si, Hongqi; Jiang, Haiyang; Ma, Chunyan

doi:10.3390/ijms20174211

Cited by 141 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 231 publications

(375 reference statements)

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“…It had also enhanced the stem diameter, internode filling degree and cell wall thickness with increasing the lodging resistance [ 71 ]. The Paclobutrazol chemical (PP333) could prompt the enzymatic activities of lignin related enzymes that is, tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and ultimately proliferated the lignin content and lodging resistance [ 181 ]. A plant growth regulator (Trinexapac-ethyl) has reduced the height of the plant in wheat [ 182 , 183 ].…”

Section: Agro-techniques For the Management Of Lodging Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agro-Techniques for Lodging Stress Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System—A Review

Raza

Asghar

Ahmad

et al. 2020

Plants

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Lodging is one of the most chronic restraints of the maize-soybean intercropping system, which causes a serious threat to agriculture development and sustainability. In the maize-soybean intercropping system, shade is a major causative agent that is triggered by the higher stem length of a maize plant. Many morphological and anatomical characteristics are involved in the lodging phenomenon, along with the chemical configuration of the stem. Due to maize shading, soybean stem evolves the shade avoidance response and resulting in the stem elongation that leads to severe lodging stress. However, the major agro-techniques that are required to explore the lodging stress in the maize-soybean intercropping system for sustainable agriculture have not been precisely elucidated yet. Therefore, the present review is tempted to compare the conceptual insights with preceding published researches and proposed the important techniques which could be applied to overcome the devastating effects of lodging. We further explored that, lodging stress management is dependent on multiple approaches such as agronomical, chemical and genetics which could be helpful to reduce the lodging threats in the maize-soybean intercropping system. Nonetheless, many queries needed to explicate the complex phenomenon of lodging. Henceforth, the agronomists, physiologists, molecular actors and breeders require further exploration to fix this challenging problem.

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Section: Agro-techniques For the Management Of Lodging Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agro-Techniques for Lodging Stress Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System—A Review

Raza

Asghar

Ahmad

et al. 2020

Plants

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“…Therefore, many studies have used the traditional breeding and molecular biology methods to develop lodging-resistant varieties of rice, the world's leading food crop [2]. In rice plants, the traits commonly associated with lodging are cellulose and lignin in the cell wall, spike weight, culm diameter, plant height, and strength of the lower and upper internodes [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lodging is one of the most common factors that affect crop productivity, reducing the yield, grain quality, harvesting efficiency, and drying costs of cereal and other crops, including corn, oats, tomato, rice, and wheat [1,2]. Lodging is referred to as height reduction due to the bending of the stem toward the ground.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for a Novel Gene, OsPSLSq6, Using QTL Analysis for Lodging Resistance in Rice

et al. 2021

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Lodging is the most common factor that affects crop productivity, reducing yield, grain quality, and harvesting efficiency of rice and other cereal crops. The Cheongcheong (Indica)/Nagdong (Japonica) doubled haploid (CNDH) genetic map was used to develop a lodging-resistant variety. The major agricultural traits of rice related to lodging resistance, such as the pushing strength of the lower stem before the heading date (PSLSB) at reproductive growth period and pushing strength of the lower stem after the heading date (PSLSA) at full ripe period were investigated. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of PSLSA and PSLSB detected on RM439-RM20318 on chromosome 6 has overlap in three consecutive years. RM439-RM20318 on chromosome 6 contained 15 lodging resistance candidate genes. Among the candidate genes, Os06g0623200, named OsPSLSq6, which is similar to Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, involved lignin biosynthesis in defense responses. Lignin is the main structural component of vascular plants’ secondary cell wall, which is not only related to plant growth and development but also to mechanical strength. OsPSLSq6 opens new possibilities to control lignin synthesis to improve lodging resistance. OsPSLSq6 can be used as a target gene for further studies to provide important information for the marker-assisted improvement of target traits and cloning genes underlying the QTL of interest.

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“…In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), lower plant densities and direct drilling increased the size of the root plate, plant anchorage, CR#, and crown root length, thus reducing the risk or severity of lodging [19]. In rice (Oryza sativa), lower plant densities were associated with lower mutual shading, resulting in stronger stems, higher plant biomass, shorter basal internodes, and reduced lodging [30]. In maize (Zea mays L.), low plant densities led to shorter basal internodes, higher culm and root diameters, and more roots, resulting in less lodging [31].…”

Section: Lodgingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Less Is More: Lower Sowing Rate of Irrigated Tef (Eragrostis tef) Alters Plant Morphology and Reduces Lodging

Ben-Zeev

Rabinovitz²,

Orlov-Levin

et al. 2020

Agronomy

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Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) is a panicle-bearing cereal crop plant, originating from and grown mainly in Ethiopia. Tef yields highly nutritious gluten-free grain as well as high-quality forage, therefore, interest is rising regarding tef cultivation for grain and forage outside Ethiopia. Lodging is a major factor limiting tef quality and yield, with losses estimated at 30%–35% and presumably higher under mechanical harvest. Studies in other cereal crops suggested that lowering plant density would lead to sturdier plants less prone to lodging. In this work, we reported on the effects of sowing rate on lodging, lodging-related traits, and productivity of tef under irrigated conditions. Four tef genotypes were grown under irrigation across two years at three sowing rates: low (3 kg/ha), medium (6 kg/ha), and high (common, 9 kg/ha). Grain yield and biomass did not differ significantly among sowing rates. The visually assessed lodging index (LI) increased as the season progressed, with the lowest values recorded under low sowing density. A significant difference in LI values among the tested genotypes suggested potential for crop improvement. Aerial RGB images of the field taken by an unmanned aerial vehicle twice during the second season produced a high-resolution crop surface model, which was used to assess lodging. Aerial-based LI values were significantly correlated with the ground-based ones and exhibited better capacity to identify minor differences in lodging. Among the morphological traits assessed, crown diameter, crown root number, and crown root diameter were significantly affected by sowing rate and genotype and were correlated with LI values. In summary, this study demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of tef production under irrigated Mediterranean conditions and the potential of a reduced sowing rate as a remedy for lodging.

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Improving Lodging Resistance: Using Wheat and Rice as Classical Examples

Cited by 141 publications

References 231 publications

Agro-Techniques for Lodging Stress Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System—A Review

Agro-Techniques for Lodging Stress Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System—A Review

Screening for a Novel Gene, OsPSLSq6, Using QTL Analysis for Lodging Resistance in Rice

Less Is More: Lower Sowing Rate of Irrigated Tef (Eragrostis tef) Alters Plant Morphology and Reduces Lodging

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