“…This study therefore attempts to explore the techniques of the EKF in achieving this goal. The EKF has been widely applied in hydrological forecasts (Muluye, 2011;Hamid et al, 2005) object tracking (e.g., Yang and Baum, 2017;Santosh andMohan, 2014), data science (e.g., David et al, 2017;Wenzel et al, 2006), earth science applications (Soroush et al, 2011), machine learning (e.g., Bishop, 2013Belhajem, 2016;Zibar et al, 2016) and predictive analysis (Liu et al, 2006). Its application in practical engineering problems is also well-known (Bertsekas & Rhodes, 1971;Petersen & Savkin, 1999;James & Petersen, 1998;Kallapur et al, 2009), especially with the introduction of the set membership state estimation approach by Bertsekas and Rhodes (1971).…”