Improving long-term hydraulic fracture conductivity by alteration of rock minerals

Desouky, Mahmoud; Aljawad, Murtada Saleh; Sølling, Theis I.; Amao, Abduljamiu O.; Norrman, Kion; Shehri, Dhafer Al

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2020.108046

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Such substitution in minerals is possible if the product of the reaction has solubility less than or equal to the parent calcite (stable in water). Desouky et al achieved up to a 35% increase in Young’s modulus of the Indiana limestone samples treated with ZnSO 4 ,proving the strengthening concept . However, the authors observed up to 60% permeability reduction of the rock due to the resulting byproducts.…”

Section: Chemical Alteration Of Mineralogymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…One such example worth mentioning is the processes of dolomitization of calcite . The alteration of carbonate rock’s mineralogy is another strengthening technique that was proposed recently . The concept of mineral transformation as a strengthening technique in calcium carbonate rocks is based on the process of substituting the parent calcite with minerals having higher hardness according to the Mohs scale.…”

Section: Chemical Alteration Of Mineralogymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, naming the technique as “mineral alteration” allows considering new chemicals capable of transforming the calcite into other minerals as consolidants. The first attempt for expanding the list of traditionally used consolidants was made by Desouky et al, who used zinc sulfate solution (ZnSO 4 ) of 0.1 M concentration to transform the calcite into a smithsonite mineral according to the following dissolution–precipitation reaction: …”

Section: Chemical Alteration Of Mineralogymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alteration of a rock’s mineralogy is another method for carbonate rock consolidation proposed recently . The idea of such chemical consolidation is to transform parent calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) with a Mohs scale (1–10 scale used to describe the resistance of material to scratching) hardness of 3 into a harder mineral through dissolution–precipitation reactions (Figure ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extraction of hydrocarbons results in increased stresses on the fracture surface, which, combined with the elevated temperatures, causes gradual plastic deformation of the reservoir rock (rock creeping). , Creeping, in turn, leads to reduction of the fracture width (conductivity reduction), presented in terms of a failure of asperities and embedment (indentation) of proppant into formation rock. − Researches have shown that the mechanical characteristics of the reservoir rock (hardness, Young’s modulus), fracture surface roughness, proppant properties (type, size, concentration), and acid properties (type, reaction time) are critical factors that affect the decline of the fracture conductivity. − ,− Moreover, Aljawad et al validated through modeling the carbonate formation that hardening of the fracture surface improves sustenance of its conductivity and the well’s productivity . On the basis of this, strengthening carbonate reservoir rocks can mitigate the effect of the above-mentioned problems and provide long-term sustenance of the fracture conductivity in carbonate formations. , However, practical application records of chemical rock strengthening techniques in carbonate reservoirs, including hydraulic/acid fracturing operations, are still absent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbonate Rock Chemical Consolidation Methods: Advancement and Applications

et al. 2022

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Chemical consolidation of rocks is a common practice in the petroleum industry. Usually, this technique is applied to sustain production from unconsolidated or weak sandstone formations and to avoid collapse from aging wells. Recent research has shown the significance of rock hardness in sustaining long-term conductivity of hydraulic fractures in carbonate formations. There are some notable attempts to adapt the techniques used in the cultural heritage industry for strengthening carbonate formations. Moreover, a novel carbonate rock strengthening methodology was developed that involves the mineral transformation of calcite to harder minerals. This work describes the existing techniques for carbonate rock consolidation and provides extensive research on chemicals that are (or can be) used as carbonate rock strengthening agents. Furthermore, this review provides the reaction mechanisms associated with a range of proposed chemicals. Also, laboratory methods that can be used to assess post-treatment hardness and investigate the changes in rock mineralogy are summarized. Finally, the review discusses chemicals with the prospect of their application in petroleum field operations.

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Section: Chemical Alteration Of Mineralogymentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Chemical Alteration Of Mineralogymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Alteration Of Mineralogymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbonate Rock Chemical Consolidation Methods: Advancement and Applications

et al. 2022

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Long‐term fracture conductivity in tight reservoirs

Yan,

Zhang,

Dong

et al. 2024

Energy Science & Engineering

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Reservoir stimulation using hydraulic fracturing technology is one of the most common stimulation measures to develop tight oil and gas reservoirs, and the conductivity of fractures after fracturing is the key to the stimulation effect of oil fields. In this paper, the laboratory simulation system of fracture conductivity is used to study the long‐term fracture conductivity under the displacement of formation water and fracturing fluid. The experimental results show that the fracture conductivity decreases with the increase of displacement time under the displacement of formation water and fracturing fluid, and the decrease of fracture conductivity under the displacement of fracturing fluid with time is greater than that of formation water displacement because of the plugging effect of fracturing fluid residue on pore channels. The use of formation water and fracturing fluid circulation displacement can delay the decline rate of conductivity with time. The conductivity increases with the increase of sand concentration, proppant particle size, and elastic modulus, and decreases with the increase of closure pressure. In addition, by studying the influence of elastic modulus on fracture width, it is found that the smaller the elastic modulus is, the more serious the embedding phenomenon of proppant is, and the smaller the fracture width is.

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