Improving Mobility for the Visually Impaired: A Wearable Indoor Positioning System Based on Visual Markers

Lee, Chih-Wei; Chondro, Peter; Ruan, Shanq-Jang; Christen, Oliver; Naroska, Edwin

doi:10.1109/mce.2018.2797741

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The system’s design needs to consider the hardware structure, the positioning method, the positioning performance, and environmental interference, which are problems that indoor positioning technology also faces. Indoor positioning refers to short-range positioning technology in a fixed area, including infrared positioning [120], ultrasonic positioning [121], Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) positioning [122], UWB positioning [123], inertial navigation [124], geomagnetic positioning [125], and Visible Light communication (VLC) positioning [126]. The changing environmental constraints make it impossible for the CLS to adopt infrared positioning that relies on line-of-sight propagation and geomagnetic or WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) positioning technology based on the fingerprint method.…”

Section: Systematic Analysis Of Framework Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Analysis of a Military Wearable Device Based on a Multi-Level Fusion Framework: Research Directions

Shi

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2019

Sensors

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With the development of the Internet of Battlefield Things (IoBT), soldiers have become key nodes of information collection and resource control on the battlefield. It has become a trend to develop wearable devices with diverse functions for the military. However, although densely deployed wearable sensors provide a platform for comprehensively monitoring the status of soldiers, wearable technology based on multi-source fusion lacks a generalized research system to highlight the advantages of heterogeneous sensor networks and information fusion. Therefore, this paper proposes a multi-level fusion framework (MLFF) based on Body Sensor Networks (BSNs) of soldiers, and describes a model of the deployment of heterogeneous sensor networks. The proposed framework covers multiple types of information at a single node, including behaviors, physiology, emotions, fatigue, environments, and locations, so as to enable Soldier-BSNs to obtain sufficient evidence, decision-making ability, and information resilience under resource constraints. In addition, we systematically discuss the problems and solutions of each unit according to the frame structure to identify research directions for the development of wearable devices for the military.

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Section: Systematic Analysis Of Framework Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Analysis of a Military Wearable Device Based on a Multi-Level Fusion Framework: Research Directions

Shi

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2019

Sensors

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“…Augmented reality (AR) is usually described as the interaction between a real environment and computer-generated virtual objects through allowing users to interact with the virtual objects through visual, auditory, or haptic sensory modalities [1,2]. Distinct visual cues, such as image markers [1][2][3][4] or parts of the human body [5], are commonly used to place virtual objects into the real world. Among the various AR services, there are indoor guidance services widely used in public places such as museums and airports [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Distinct visual cues, such as image markers [1][2][3][4] or parts of the human body [5], are commonly used to place virtual objects into the real world. Among the various AR services, there are indoor guidance services widely used in public places such as museums and airports [1][2][3]. In order for this service to provide a user with a successful user experience, an AR marker in the indoor environment should be able to give information to the user at a relatively long distance in real time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also necessary to consider this situation as there may be several people who have different interests within the same space. For indoor guidance purposes, an AR marker, which is an image marker based on a combination of coloring patterns and quick response (QR) codes, was used for indoor AR services, because the detection and recognition mechanism in this method was robust with commercial mobile hardware, even at a long distance [3]. In particular, this marker was used for establishing indoor guidance systems for the visually impaired [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For indoor guidance purposes, an AR marker, which is an image marker based on a combination of coloring patterns and quick response (QR) codes, was used for indoor AR services, because the detection and recognition mechanism in this method was robust with commercial mobile hardware, even at a long distance [3]. In particular, this marker was used for establishing indoor guidance systems for the visually impaired [3]. However, if such image markers were concentrated in a small area, many of the markers that were not interested in the view of the AR user might be observed, which caused an interference with the user's immersive experience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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User-Aware Audio Marker Using Low Frequency Ultrasonic Object Detection and Communication for Augmented Reality

et al. 2019

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In augmented reality (AR), audio markers can be alternatives to image markers for rendering virtual objects when an AR device camera fails to identify the image marker due to lighting conditions and/or the distance between the marker and device. However, conventional audio markers simply broadcast a rendering queue to anonymous devices, making it difficult to provide specific virtual objects of interest to the user. To overcome this limitation without relying on camera-based sensing, we propose a user-aware audio marker system using low frequency ultrasonic signal processing. The proposed system detects users who stay within the marker using ultrasonic-based object detection, and then it uses ultrasonic communication based on windowed differential phase shift keying modulation in order to send a rendering queue only to those users near the marker. Since the proposed system uses commercial microphones and speakers, conventional telecommunication systems can be employed to deliver the audio markers. The performance of the proposed audio marker system is evaluated in terms of object detection accuracy and communication robustness. First, the object detection accuracy of the proposed system is compared with that of a pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensor-based system in indoor environments, and it is shown that the proposed system achieves a lower equal error rate than the PIR sensor-based system. Next, the successful transmission rate of the proposed system is measured for various distances and azimuths under noisy conditions, and it is also shown that the proposed audio marker system can successfully operate up to approximately 4 m without any transmission errors, even with 70 dBSPL ambient noise.

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An efficient, dense and long-range marker system for the guidance of the visually impaired

Sáez

Lozano

Escolano

et al. 2020

Machine Vision and Applications

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In this paper, we address the problem of making a mobile/smartphone camera sensitive to distant fiducial markers. To this end, we carefully design a novel visual marker that is both dense and readable from large distances. The main novelty of the proposed marker is the combination of a quaternary color-based coding system with robust methods for reading the color patterns included in each frame once it is detected. These patterns include a CRC whose length grows linearly whereas that of the message grows quadratically. Our experiments show that the proposed bundle marker-vision algorithm outperforms the alternatives in terms of distance and angle and also that it is very robust to changes in lighting conditions, thus making it a good intelligent system for guiding people with visual impairments in their day to day use of public transportation systems.

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Improving Mobility for the Visually Impaired: A Wearable Indoor Positioning System Based on Visual Markers

Cited by 25 publications

References 21 publications

Systematic Analysis of a Military Wearable Device Based on a Multi-Level Fusion Framework: Research Directions

Systematic Analysis of a Military Wearable Device Based on a Multi-Level Fusion Framework: Research Directions

User-Aware Audio Marker Using Low Frequency Ultrasonic Object Detection and Communication for Augmented Reality

An efficient, dense and long-range marker system for the guidance of the visually impaired

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