Improving photophoretic trap volumetric displays [Invited]

Rogers, W. L.; Laney, Josh; Peatross, Justin; Smalley, Daniel

doi:10.1364/ao.58.00g363

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…For the development of the next generation of OTD devices, trapping, scanning, scaling, as well as robustness and safety must be improved to make this technology accessible in the future. [152] In addition to the conventional application possibilities in photovoltaic systems, there are also other new aspects where cellulose in particular might play a dominant role. Since the intense use of cell phones and tablets and other electronic devices has become a matter of course, research is now also directed toward integrating these types of technologies into textiles.…”

Section: Future Directions: Optical Trap Display and Photovoltaic Fabricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose for Light Manipulation: Methods, Applications, and Prospects

Reimer

Zollfrank

2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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The colors of plants and animals can be achieved by different interactions of light with matter. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Animals or plants use the biological system colors as warning, for camouflage, or for signaling. Coloration can be generated by the selective absorption of light from the visible range of the spectrum by using pigments (pigmentary colors), which are absorbing subsets of the visible spectrum and transmitting and reflecting the other parts of the visible light. Therefore, the tissue occurs in the color of the wavelength of the reflected radiation. This is used for example by flowers of plants as a signal, because they have to stand out against the background of the vegetation in order to attract pollinating insects. Therefore, they appear in bright colors by reflecting certain wavelengths of visible light, which are then perceivable for the pollinating insects as well as for humans. [10][11][12][13] However, light-matter interaction with respect to absorption is of general importance, but will not be further discussed in this review. On the other hand, coloration can be created by coherent or incoherent scattering of light on highly structured and unstructured tissues (structural colors) in the range of the wavelength of incident light. Here, different wavelengths of light are selectively reflected from a structure and the remaining wavelengths can then be transmitted or absorbed. [10][11][12][13][14][15] These biological photonic sub-micrometer structures yield a distinct coloration through the creation of a refractive index contrast between the used materials. This is an interesting fact, because natural systems cannot be built on high-refractive index inorganic materials, which are commonly used in contemporary technology. Instead, nature makes use of biopolymers such as keratin, chitin, collagen, and cellulose. However, all of these biopolymers exhibit a refractive index around ≈1.5. In order to be able to create bright structural colors, a high refractive index contrast is required. Therefore, nature is using air voids to create the necessary refractive index contrast (Δn ≈ 0.5). Alternatively, nature can also use melanin with a refractive index of about 2 and keratin in mixed composites or by using anhydrous guanine with a refractive index of 1.83, whose crystal arrangements are responsible for the metallic luster of many fish. [15,16] Pigmentary color as well as structural color can also occur in combination (combined colors). All of these aspects can also be separated in iridescent or noniridescent colors. [10,15] Birds, like the Panama Amazon parrot (Amazona ochrocephala panamensis) or the kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) are using different combinations of pigments and sub-micrometer structured components.Cellulose is one of the most abundant biopolymers on earth. It is a sustainable and renewable raw material with many beneficial properties. Due to its availability, nontoxicity, environmental friendliness, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, cellulose is one of the world's most ...

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Section: Future Directions: Optical Trap Display and Photovoltaic Fabricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose for Light Manipulation: Methods, Applications, and Prospects

Reimer

Zollfrank

2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…In order to test the reliability of our future diffraction gratings, a diffracting beamsplitter [5] with 10 even-power orders was ordered from Holo/Or Ltd. This grating is generally used for aesthetic laser treatments and other beamspliting applications [2] . The even order grating was then placed under a microscope and analyzed for its periodicity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Video-rate images for a single trapped particle have been limited to a volume of 1cm^3 by a current maximum linear particle velocity under 2 m/s. In order for the volumetric displays of popular science fiction to be realized our display volume must be scaled, but dramatically increasing particle velocity to achieve this scaling is impractical [2]. Instead, we aim to use diffractive structures to increase the number of trapped particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffractive optics for scaling photophoretic trap displays

Bond

Kuttler²,

Hales³

et al. 2023

Practical Holography XXXVII: Displays, Materials, and Applications

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We explore a number of diffractive structures for simultaneous trapping of particles in photophoretic traps for free space volumetric displays. Current optical trap displays move a single particle along a complicated path; to scale displays from 1 cm^3 to 100 cm^3 we aim to move multiple particles along a simple path. Preliminary results for two diffractive approaches are reported: i) a low-order binary grating, and ii) a Fresnel lens. Results are given for trap rate (N=50) for carbon particles at standard pressure and temperature.

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“…The optimization of an individual trap/trapping system requires extensive testing to be done for every parameter of the photophoretic trapping system 7 . Such parameters include particle type (substance, shape, size), laser power, laser wavelength, and numerical aperture (focal length, diameter, tilt).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%