Improving Powder Flow Properties of a Cohesive Lactose Monohydrate Powder by Intensive Mechanical Dry Coating

Zhou, Qi Tony; Armstrong, Brian; Larson, Ian; Stewart, Peter; Morton, David Alexander Vodden

doi:10.1002/jps.21885

Cited by 94 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The input work required to drive the rotating blade into the powder bed, termed 'flow energy', is measured and advocated to represent the ease with which powder flows. This instrument has emerged as a widely used device for powder rheometry in industry and academia (Han et al, 2011;Kinnunen et al, 2014;Osorio and Muzzio, 2013;Shur et al, 2008;Vasilenko et al, 2011;Zhou et al, 2010a;Zhou et al, 2010b). Recently, several studies have focused on the analysis of the powder mechanics of FT4 by numerical simulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of powder rheometry of FT4: Effect of air flow

Nan

Ghadiri

Wang

2017

Chemical Engineering Science

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Understanding of particle flow behaviour as a function of strain rate is of great interest in many items of equipment of industrial processes, such as screw conveyors, impeller mixers, and feeders, etc. The traditional commercial instruments for bulk powder flow characterisation, such as shear cells, operate at low shear strain rates, and are not representative of unit operations under dynamic conditions. In recent years, the FT4 powder rheometer of Freeman Technology has emerged as a widely used technique for characterising particle flow under dynamic conditions of shear strain rate; yet little is known about its underlying powder mechanics. We analyse the effect of gas flow on the flow behaviour of cohesionless particles in FT4 both experimentally and by numerical simulations using the combined discrete element method (DEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The results show that the effect of gas flow on the flow energy could be described by the resultant fluid-induced drag on the particles above the blade position as the impeller penetrates the bed. The strain rate in front of the blade is mainly determined by the impeller tip speed, and is not sensitive to the gas flow and particle size. The flow energy correlates well with the shear stress in front of the blade. They both increase with the strain rate and are significantly reduced by the upward gas flow.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of powder rheometry of FT4: Effect of air flow

Nan

Ghadiri

Wang

2017

Chemical Engineering Science

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“…Based on the properties of sample, variations in such forces are measured as flow energies. Various flow energies and bulk properties of powder blends and granules were characterized using following tests 13 .…”

Section: Various Characterization Methods For Wet and Dry Granules: Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2018

IJPSR

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ABSTRACT:The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of the granulation properties of Lactose depending upon the use of its crystalline forms and the impact of active (Acetaminophen) concentration using rheological and thermal tools. Lactose was chosen as an excipient available in different hydrate forms (anhydrous and monohydrate) and Acetaminophen (APAP) was selected as a model drug for the subject research. Preliminary research was performed to determine wet-granulation end-point utilizing a real time off-line PAT tool, thermal effusivity. Further research was continued for low-shear wet granulation for the powder blends of drug and excipients. The properties of wet and dried granulation were determined using Powder Rheometer, Thermal effusivity and DSC. The dried granules crushing strength were evaluated using Texture Analyzer. Acetaminophen is a strong cohesive active, which upon wet granulation was found to bind strongly with Lactose particles to form more flowable and compressible granular mass. The granulation prepared using anhydrous form of Lactose with APAP showed higher bulk density and permeability as compared to hydrate form of Lactose. The evaluation of dried granules indicated that % compressibility was lower and peak crushing force was higher for Lactose anhydrous as compared to Lactose monohydrate. A clear distinction in granulation properties using the approach presented in the current research using Lactose and Acetaminophen will provide a time and cost effective approach for formulation scientists for an early on formulation design and selection of excipients using advanced techniques of rheological and thermal tools.

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“…In our earlier investigations, powder flow has been improved significantly after mechanofusion treatment of a lactose monohydrate milled powder with a median particle size of~20 μm [37]. It has been well known that the particle size is a key factor in powder flowability [10,13,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of host particle size on the modification of powder flow behaviours for lactose monohydrate following dry coating

Zhou

Armstrong

Larson

et al. 2009

Dairy Sci. Technol.

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-Our previous work demonstrated that the powder flowability of a cohesive lactose sample can be improved substantially using a dry coating technique. Our study reported here aims to investigate the influence of host particle size on the modification of powder flowability following dry coating process. Four commercial lactose monohydrate powders with different particle sizes were coated by an intensive mechanical process or mixed using a conventional tumbling process, both with magnesium stearate. All four untreated lactose samples showed a relatively poor powder flow. After dry coating, poured and tapped densities of all the lactose samples increased, while Carr indices and Hausner ratios decreased substantially. The angle of repose values were reduced to a notable extent only for particles with a median size larger than about 7 μm after dry coating. Both specific energy (SE) and cohesion values of lactose samples, measured by a powder rheometer system, decreased substantially after coating. In contrast, no apparent changes in powder flow were evident for conventionally mixed batches, except that in the dynamic powder rheometry measurement, a relatively small change in SE was observed. This study demonstrated that for the finer particles examined, cohesive forces were more influential in the powder bed after the surface treatment and resulted in a relatively poor flow. However, for the larger powders studied, the cohesive inter-particle forces could be overcome after this dry coating, whereby satisfactory flow could be obtained. This study indicated that the host particle size was a critical factor in influencing the modification of cohesive powder flowability.lactose monohydrate / dry coating / powder flow / particle size / powder rheometry Article published by EDP SciencesRésumé -Effet de la taille des particules de poudre de lactose monohydraté sur son enrobage à sec et sur son écoulement. Quatre poudres commerciales de lactose monohydraté ont été enrobées à sec par mécanofusion et mélangées avec du stéarate de magnésium de façon conventionnelle dans un tambour. Avant traitement, les quatre échantillons de lactose non traité présentaient des propriétés d'écoulement relativement faibles. Après enrobage à sec, les masses volumiques, apparente et tassée, de tous les échantillons de lactose augmentaient tandis que les indices de Carr et les ratios d'Hausner diminuaient nettement. Les plus grands changements de masse volumique étaient trouvés pour les échantillons de lactose ayant une taille de particules médiane entre 7 et 20 μm. L'angle de repos était réduit de façon beaucoup plus importante pour les particules ayant une taille médiane supérieure 7 μm. L'énergie spécifique et les valeurs de cohésion des échantillons de lactose mesurées à l'aide d'un rhéomètre à poudres diminuaient substantiellement après enrobage. Au contraire, aucun changement apparent dans l'écoulement de la poudre n'était évident pour les lots mélangés en tambour, si ce n'est que, dans les mesures dynamiques de rhéométrie de la poudr...

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Improving Powder Flow Properties of a Cohesive Lactose Monohydrate Powder by Intensive Mechanical Dry Coating

Cited by 94 publications

References 32 publications

Analysis of powder rheometry of FT4: Effect of air flow

Analysis of powder rheometry of FT4: Effect of air flow

Untitled

Effect of host particle size on the modification of powder flow behaviours for lactose monohydrate following dry coating

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