Improving properties of spring steel through nano-particles alloying

Podgornik, Bojan; Torkar, M.; Burja, Jaka; Godec, Matjaž; Senčič, Bojan

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2015.04.082

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Differently, this external addition method not only improved the success rate on obtaining small‐sized inclusions greatly, but also had no excessive requirements for steel melt purity and was easier to control. During the following more than thirty years, more and more researchers tried different methods to obtained small‐sized inclusions depending on adding the second phases externally …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Utilization Ratio of Nanoparticles in Steel and Its Influence on Acicular Ferrite Formation

Gao

Yang²,

Li³

et al. 2017

steel research int.

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In the present study, 35MnVS experimental steels containing nanoparticles are manufactured using a vacuum induction furnace (VIF), as well as a vacuum induction levitation furnace (VILF). The differences on the utilization ratio of nanoparticles (URN), inclusion characteristics, and steel microstructure between the original steel and experimental steels are compared. The results reveal that the steel processed with a VILF has a higher URN that helps to form a finer inclusion size range. There is a critical size for each inclusion, and only when the inclusion size is the critical value, the inclusions can efficiently induce acicular ferrites (AF). Among the three steels, only the inclusion size range of the VILF steel is less than the critical size which is between %2.2 and %5.2 m. Therefore, the inclusions in VILF steel have a relatively stronger ability on inducing AF, and that is revealed by its microstructure showing large proportions of AF.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Utilization Ratio of Nanoparticles in Steel and Its Influence on Acicular Ferrite Formation

Gao

Yang²,

Li³

et al. 2017

steel research int.

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“…The fine nano-sized particles have little buoyancy and are easy to stay every part of the steel uniformly, and they, acting as heterogeneous nucleants, could greatly refine the microstructures of the steel and improve its mechanical properties. This kind of indirect introduction of the nano oxide particles into the steel is much more convenient than that of the direct one reported by Padgornik et al [20] and can be easily produced in large scale. Figure 3a is the XRD pattern of the residual extracted products for the oxide-added steel.…”

Section: Materials Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 87%

Effect of Oxide Particles on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the 45 Carbon Structural Steel

et al. 2020

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Striking difference in density between the oxide and the steel results in difficulty in preparing oxide dispersion strengthened steel with large size parts or materials. In this research, Al2O3 and TiO2 particles were initially milled with the 20 steel, and then the mixture was heated to a molten state to form a master alloy, which was used as a raw material for further preparation of the object steel. It was found that homogeneous distribution of the oxide particles was obtained in the mass production of the steel. Moreover, the obtained 45 carbon structural steel presents fine microstructures, together with improved mechanical properties, especially the impact ductility. This should be attributable to the transformation from the introduced micro-size oxide particles to the nano ones, which act as heterogeneous nucleants that play an important role in grain refinement and dispersion strengthening for the steel, during the remelting of the master alloy.

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“…Inclusions The deoxidization reaction may take place in liquid steel, as shown in reaction (2), meaning that M x O y content in inclusions mainly depends on the deoxidization reaction. Reaction (3) shows that the inclusion composition was affected not only by M 1 but also by M 2 .…”

Section: Chemical Reactions Between Liquid Steel Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been proven that nonmetallic inclusions as crack initiation have a great effect on the in-service life of spring wire. [1][2][3] As a result, inclusions with small size, little quantity, and good plasticity are preferred. Some researches indicate that the major factor influencing the plastic deformation of inclusions is the melting point, which has a close relationship with the chemical composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Top Slag with Low Basicity on Transformation Control of Inclusions in Spring Steel Deoxidized by Si and Mn

Yang

et al. 2016

ISIJ Int.

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In order to study the effect of top slag with low basicity on transformation control of inclusions in spring steel deoxidized by Si and Mn, the optimum composition of CaO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -MgO slag system with low basicity was firstly calculated by FactSage. Then the industrial experiments were carried out based on the results of calculation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to determine the morphology, size and composition of inclusions in spring steel. It is proved that MnS, CaO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -MgO and CaO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -MgO-MnS system inclusions are three major nonmetallic inclusions in spring steel, and the transformation of inclusion compositions to plastic deformation can be achieved by controlling the binary basicity (CaO/SiO 2 by mass percent) at the range of 1.0 to 1.19 and C/A (C/A = CaO/Al 2 O 3 by mass percent) above 9 in top slag. In addition, along with the refining process, the average oxygen content in molten steel and the alumina content in inclusions both decrease, and the number of inclusions greater than 5 um gradually decreases. Finally, the inclusions in spring wire rod are controlled effectively.

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Improving properties of spring steel through nano-particles alloying

Cited by 27 publications

References 29 publications

Improvement of Utilization Ratio of Nanoparticles in Steel and Its Influence on Acicular Ferrite Formation

Improvement of Utilization Ratio of Nanoparticles in Steel and Its Influence on Acicular Ferrite Formation

Effect of Oxide Particles on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the 45 Carbon Structural Steel

Effect of Top Slag with Low Basicity on Transformation Control of Inclusions in Spring Steel Deoxidized by Si and Mn

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