The genus Pseudonocardia belongs to a group of actinomycetes, and is a member of the family Pseudonocardiacea. The members of this genus are aerobic, Gram-positive, non-motile bacteria that are commonly found in soil, plant, and environment. Although this genus has a low clinical significance, however it has an important role in biotechnology due to the production of secondary metabolites, some of which have anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-tumor effects. The use of phenotypic tests such as gelatinase activity, starch hydrolysis, catalase, and oxidase tests, as well as molecular methods, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), are necessary for Pseudonocardia identification at the genus and species levels.