Improving Roadside Unit Deployment in Vehicular Networks by Exploiting Genetic Algorithms

Abstract

Vehicular networks make use of the Roadside Units (RSUs) to enhance the communication capabilities of the vehicles in order to forward control messages and/or to provide Internet access to vehicles, drivers and passengers. Unfortunately, within vehicular networks, the wireless signal propagation is mostly affected by buildings and other obstacles (e.g., urban fixtures), in particular when considering the IEEE 802.11p standard. Therefore, a crowded RSU deployment may be required to ensure vehicular communications within urban environments. Furthermore, some applications, notably those applications related to safety, require a fast and reliable warning data transmission to the emergency services and traffic authorities. However, communication is not always possible in vehicular environments due to the lack of connectivity even employing multiple hops. To overcome the signal propagation problem and delayed warning notification time issues, an effective, smart, cost-effective and all-purpose RSU deployment policy should be put into place. In this paper, we propose the genetic algorithm for roadside unit deployment (GARSUD) system, which uses a genetic algorithm that is capable of automatically providing an RSU deployment suitable for any given road map layout. Our simulation results show that GARSUD is able to reduce the warning notification time (the time required to inform emergency authorities in traffic danger situations) and to improve vehicular communication capabilities within different density scenarios and complexity layouts.

Neuroevolution-Based Adaptive Antenna Array Beamforming Scheme to Improve the V2V Communication Performance at Intersections

“…and as mentioned, p j i is given in Equation ( 10), w x i is given in Equation (12), and w y i is given in Equation (13). A final consideration is that maintaining the same total power for the antenna array regardless of the position was desired because the output power of the antenna should be constant.…”

“…However, this solution is too costly, making it impossible to deploy at a large scale. Furthermore, most of the literature regarding RSUs is concerned with the optimization of coverage and cost [ 11 , 12 ], neglecting the minimization of a key aspect in road safety applications: communication delay. Even in works where the position of the RSUs is optimized to decrease the communication delay [ 13 , 14 ], results are not satisfactory regarding road safety applications in dense scenarios.…”

A Center-Rule-Based Neighborhood Search Algorithm for Roadside Units Deployment in Emergency Scenarios

“…Nevertheless, the RSUD problem models in these studies are different in terms of optimization objectives, constraints, scenarios, and adopted methods. The performance indicators of a RSUD schema are different, including area coverage [10,15,16], communication coverage [6,18], the number of RSUs [17], installation and maintenance costs [11,19], accident notification time [14,20,21]. Most papers modeled the RSUD problem as the coverage optimization problem to cover the area or vehicles.…”

“…In [16], they continued their work considering nonuniform profit density and proposed the Dynamic Limiting (DynLim) technique, which reduced the solution search space size by adjusting search space limits dynamically. Fogue et al [21] exploited the genetic algorithm to reduce the warning notification time. Mehar et al [5] combined two algorithms (genetic algorithm and Dijkstra algorithm) to select the best RSU locations.…”

Software Defined Network-Based Multi-Access Edge Framework for Vehicular Networks

“…Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) support vehicular communication technologies to allow the deployment of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) services [1]. Thus, vehicleto-vehicle (V2V) communication uses the dedicated short range communication (DSRC) which is based on IEEE 802.11p [2], [3] technology to exchange in-vehicle information (IVI) messages between the vehicles.…”