Improving Runoff Simulations using Satellite-observed Time-series of Snow Covered Area

Engeset, Rune; Udnæs, H.-C.; Guneriussen, T.; Koren, Hans; Malnes, Eirik; Solberg, Rune; Alfnes, Eli

doi:10.2166/nh.2003.0008

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…The Upstream of Karaj river basin is the most important water resources for the Tehran city, the capital of Iran. The upstream of Karaj basin has an area of 850km 2 . It is located between 51˚02´& 51˚45´E and 35˚45´& 36˚15´N in the high elevation area near to the Tehran.…”

Section: Study Area and Available Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Snowmelt Runoff Analysis in the Mountainous Basin of Iran With Lack of Snow Observations

Chavoshian

Ishidaira

Takeuchi

2007

PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING

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This study tests whether the lack of conventional ground-based snow observation for Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) can be overcome by using other Hydro-meteorological data. To this end, two different methods are described. The first one is introducing a methodology using a Distributed Hydrological Model (DHM) to estimate SWE, when the available data are just precipitation and river discharge. For the second one, a distributed version of a Temperature-index snow model is developed and applied, when the ground-based data is limited to precipitation and temperature. Two methods are applied in the upstream of Karaj basin (850 km 2 ), which is the most important water resources of Tehran, the capital of Iran. The estimated SWE is used for snow melt runoff forecast. It is found that forecast runoff correlates well with observed natural discharge. This high correlations suggest that a reliable SWE estimation and snowmelt runoff forecasting can be constructed using the methods in the absence of snow observation.

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Section: Study Area and Available Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Snowmelt Runoff Analysis in the Mountainous Basin of Iran With Lack of Snow Observations

Chavoshian

Ishidaira

Takeuchi

2007

PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING

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“…In this way, SCA between the observation times can be interpolated and the depletion of the SCA from the basin can be simulated. The simulated values can be used as input into a snowmelt runoff model (SRM) (Martinec et al, 1998) to obtain the simulated discharges, or used to update and/or improve a model such as HBV (Engest et al, 2003).…”

Section: Interpolating and Simulating Of Scamentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the temporal variation in snow-covered area derived from satellite images for simulating/forecasting of snowmelt runoff in Turkey/Modélisation de la variation temporelle de la surface enneigée à partir d'images satellitaires pour la simulation/prévision de l'écoulement de fonte nivale en Turquie

Tekeli

Akyürek²,

Şensoy³

et al. 2005

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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Monitoring the change of snow-covered area (SCA) in a basin is vitally important for optimum operation of water resources, where the main contribution comes from snowmelt. A methodology for obtaining the depletion pattern of SCA, which is based on satellite image observations where mean daily air temperature is used, is applied for the 1997 water year and tested for the 1998 water year. The study is performed at the Upper Euphrates River basin in Turkey (10 216 km 2 ). The major melting period in this basin starts in early April. The cumulated mean daily air temperature (CMAT) is correlated to the depletion of snow-covered area with the start of melting. The analysis revealed that SCA values obtained from NOAA-AVHRR satellite images are exponentially correlated to CMAT for the whole basin in a lumped manner, where R 2 values of 0.98 and 0.99 were obtained for the water years 1997 and 1998, respectively. The applied methodology enables the interpolation between the SCA observations and extrapolation. Such a procedure reduces the number of satellite images required for analysis and provides solution for the cloud-obscured images. Based on the image availability, the effect of the number of images on the quality of snowmelt runoff simulations is also discussed. In deriving the depletion curve for SCA, if the number of images is reduced, the timing of image analysis within the snowmelt period is found very important. Analysis of the timing of satellite images indicated that images from the early and middle parts of the melt period are more important.Key words cumulative mean daily temperature; NOAA-AVHRR images; snow-covered area; snowmelt runoff; Turkey Modélisation de la variation temporelle de la surface enneigée à partir d'images satellitaires pour la simulation/prévision de l'écoulement de fonte nivale en Turquie Résumé Suivre l'évolution de la surface enneigée dans un bassin est d'une importance vitale pour la gestion optimale des ressources en eau, lorsque la contribution principale correspond à la fonte nivale. Une méthodologie d'obtention des courbes de diminution de la surface enneigée, qui s'appuie sur des observations satellitaires et qui utilise la température moyenne journalière de l'air, est appliquée à l'année hydrologique 1997 et testée pour l'année hydrologique 1998. L'étude est réalisée pour le bassin supérieur de l'Euphrate, en Turquie (10 216 km 2 ). La période principale de fonte dans ce bassin commence début avril. La température moyenne journalière cumulée de l'air (TMJC) est corrélée avec la réduction de la surface enneigée et avec le début de la fonte. L'analyse montre que les valeurs de surface enneigée obtenues à partir d'images satellitaires NOAA-AVHRR sont corrélées de manière exponentielle avec la TMJC du bassin dans sa globalité, avec des valeurs de R² respectivement égales à 0.98 et 0.99 pour les années hydrologiques 1997 et 1998. La méthodologie appliquée permet de réaliser des interpolations entre les observations de surface enneigée, ainsi que des extrapolations. Une tell...

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“…Satelliteborne (SAR) measurements within the project Snowtools have been used to discriminate between wet and dry snow (Guneriussen, 1997;Guneriussen and Johnsen, 2003) but the measurements did not seem to have been implemented into the operational HBV model. According to Engeset et al (2003), the satellite-observed SCA was used qualitatively to detect when the models did not simulate the snow reservoir correctly but was not used directly in the HBV model. The method required model calibration against SCA as well as against run-off (Engeset et al, 2003;Alfnes and Udnaes, 2004;Udnaes et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Engeset et al (2003), the satellite-observed SCA was used qualitatively to detect when the models did not simulate the snow reservoir correctly but was not used directly in the HBV model. The method required model calibration against SCA as well as against run-off (Engeset et al, 2003;Alfnes and Udnaes, 2004;Udnaes et al, 2007). The satellite sensors NOAA-AVHRR and ERS-SAR were used for determination of SCA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards automated ‘Ground truth’ snow measurements—a review of operational and new measurement methods for Sweden, Norway, and Finland

Lundberg

Granlund

Gustafsson

2010

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:Manual snow measurements are becoming increasingly expensive and climate-change-imposed snow alterations are affecting run-off and frost patterns; snow observations are included in run-off modelling, making reliable snow observations of utmost importance. Multiple new and modified ground-based techniques for monitoring snow depth, density, snow water equivalent (SWE), wetness, and layering have been tested over the last decade, justifying a review of such methods. Techniques based on snow mass, electrical properties, attenuation of radioactivity, and other miscellaneous properties are reviewed. The following sensors seem suitable for registration of temporal variations: ultrasonic (depth) and terrestrial laser scanning (depth), several snow pillows at the same location (SWE), Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory/Natural Resources Conservation Service weighing sensor (SWE), Snowpower (depth, density, SWE, and wetness), active and passive (cosmic) -ray attenuation (SWE), and adjusted time domain reflectometry probes (density and wetness). Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is, depending on the design and operation modes, suitable for different purposes; when arrays of antennas are pulled by a snowmobile, the technique is suitable for monitoring of spatial variations in depth, density, and SWE for dry snow. Techniques are under development, which will hopefully improve the accuracy for wet snow measurements. Frequency-modulated continuous wave GPRs seem fit for measurement of snow layering. Some suggested techniques are not operational yet.

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Improving Runoff Simulations using Satellite-observed Time-series of Snow Covered Area

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Snowmelt Runoff Analysis in the Mountainous Basin of Iran With Lack of Snow Observations

Snowmelt Runoff Analysis in the Mountainous Basin of Iran With Lack of Snow Observations

Towards automated ‘Ground truth’ snow measurements—a review of operational and new measurement methods for Sweden, Norway, and Finland

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