Improving selection of markers in nutrition research: evaluation of the criteria proposed by the ILSI Europe Marker Validation Initiative

Calder, Philip C.; Boobis, Alan R.; Braun, Déborah; Champ, Claire; Dye, Louise; Einöther, Suzanne; Greyling, Arno; Matthys, Christophe; Pütz, Peter; Wopereis, Suzan; Woodside, Jayne V.; Antoine, Jean‐Michel

doi:10.1017/s0954422416000263

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It is becoming more pertinent that the conduct of nutrition research requires meaningful composite biomarkers, which may provide a more effective means for monitoring disease progression and response to intervention than the individual biomarkers [11]. These biomarkers may include dietary exposure, nutritional status, or physiological function, which, in turn, influence health and disease risk [12]. A state of oxidative stress can be measured through increased production of prooxidant compounds and depletion of antioxidants [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Diet Quality Score, Plasma Carotenoids, and Lipid Peroxidation to Monitor Oxidative Stress

Kim

Lim

et al. 2018

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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It is important to understand the association between oxidative stress-related parameters and to evaluate their status in advance of chronic disease development. Further development towards disease can then be prevented by dietary antioxidants. The present study was aimed at assessing the relationship between diet quality, blood antioxidants, and oxidative damage to determine whether the association between these markers differs by oxidative stress status. For a cross-sectional analysis, we used data and samples of baseline information from a prospective cohort study. A total of 1229 eligible adults were classified into apparently healthy subjects (66.5%) and those with oxidative stress conditions (35.5%). Diet quality was assessed using the recommended food score (RFS). Plasma carotenoids (blood antioxidants) and blood/urinary malondialdehyde (MDA; oxidative damage) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. We found that the healthy group was younger, and they had a lower RFS and plasma MDA level and higher plasma carotenoids compared to the oxidative stress condition group. This result is probably due to the quenching of the oxidative response in the tissues of those people. A positive association of RFS with plasma carotenoids (total and β-carotene) was found in both groups, suggesting that carotenoids are a robust reflection of diet quality. Negative associations were observed between plasma MDA and RFS in the oxidative stress condition group and between urinary MDA and plasma zeaxanthin in the healthy group. Erythrocyte MDA was positively associated with plasma carotenoids (total, lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, and α- and β-carotene), regardless of health condition, probably also as a result of the use of carotenoids as antioxidants. In conclusion, these results indicate that the above three factors may be associated with the oxidative stress response and depend on the oxidative status. Furthermore, it was also suggested that erythrocytes are important in the oxidative stress response and the quenching of this response is represented in plasma carotenoids.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Diet Quality Score, Plasma Carotenoids, and Lipid Peroxidation to Monitor Oxidative Stress

Kim

Lim

et al. 2018

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…Generally, we defined consistently associated risk factors as those for which more than 50% of studies report an association in the same direction, in at least two studies of moderate or high quality. Based on the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Europe Marker Validation Initiative, we developed and piloted a criteria template for quality assessment of risk factors 21 ( Table S1 ). Based on methodological aspects, the study objective, modifiability, predictiveness, and early-life risk factors were evaluated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of associations between risk factors during the first 1000 days of life and cardiometabolic outcomes later in childhood

Brandimonte-Hernández,

Ruiz-Ojeda,

Blaauwendraad

et al. 2024

Preprint

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ImportanceChildhood obesity increases cardiometabolic risk during childhood among individuals aged 2-18 years. These cardiometabolic outcomes include glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In the current state of research, a comprehensive review identifying all early-life exposures and risk factors that could predict cardiometabolic risk in children is lacking.ObjectiveTo identify and evaluate the predictive early-life risk factors during the first 1,000 days of life, including preconception, pregnancy and birth, and early infancy periods for cardiometabolic risk outcomes in childhood.Evidence reviewThe present systematic review of existing literature was conducted to revise and search selected electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane CENTRAL) for longitudinal studies published between the database’s inception and August17, 2022. This systematic review protocol was registered to PROSPERO, CRD42022355152, and following the PRISMA guidelines. We selected articles that studied the risk factors in mothers, fathers and infants, from preconception to infancy, for childhood cardiometabolic outcomes between 2 and 18 years.FindingsIn 68 studies, we identified 229 associations between exposures and childhood cardiometabolic outcomes namely glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and T2D. The majority of associations (n=162) were positively associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Pregnancy and birth risk factors were the categories with the most reported associations (86%). Among them, the most frequently assessed characteristics were birth anthropometrics (n=75), sociodemographics data (n=47), and pregnancy complications factors (n=34). However, we only identified few risk factors during preconception. In infancy period, breastfeeding (n=16) and infant anthropometrics (n=15) were consistently associated with cardiometabolic outcomes. In all periods, the most studied associations were identified for hypertension and metabolic syndrome.Conclusions and relevanceBirth anthropometrics, sociodemographics, and pregnancy complication factors were the most frequently reported predictive factors associated with a higher risk for cardiometabolic outcomes in children, particularly hypertension and metabolic syndrome. These results of this study are useful for predicting the risk for childhood cardiometabolic outcomes and for the modifiable factors. They also may facilitate the design of approaches aimed at the alteration of several behaviours from birth to infancy, encompassing both the maternal and paternal influences, as well as the preconception to infancy transition period. Future studies evaluating early-life risk factors with scarce scientific evidence, such as paternal and preconception factors, are urgently needed.Key pointsQuestionWhat is the existing evidence of early-life risk factors during the first 1000 days of life that are associated with cardiometabolic dysfunction between 2 and 18 years?FindingsBirth anthropometrics, pregnancy complications, sociodemographics and lifestyle factors are the most frequently reported associated exposures with hypertension and metabolic syndrome in children.MeaningIdentifying early-life risk factors and changing behavior patterns throughout preconception and infancy can contribute to prevent metabolic diseases later in childhood.

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“…In addition, although biomarkers of intake, which are more objectively quantifiable, can replace self-report for some purposes, only a few nutrients have validated biomarkers. Lastly, no one single approach accurately measures dietary intake in a comprehensive manner for all nutrients, thus each study methodology must be assessed based on its own merits (40).…”

Section: Challenges For Future Dris With Chronic Disease Endpointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, outcome measures may be flawed, and sufficient data on associations between nutrient exposure and expected outcome do not always exist. The criteria for a qualified surrogate marker are 1) that analytical validation exists; 2) the surrogate marker is on the causal pathway in disease pathogenesis; 3) the surrogate marker is significantly associated with the disease in a target population; 4) the surrogate marker consistently changes with the health outcome in response to a nutritional intervention; 5) a change in the surrogate marker supports a substantial change in the disease response to exposure to the nutrient or food substance; and 6) the context of the surrogate's use is defined (40,41). The committee supported the option that studies that measure qualified surrogate markers should be considered when evaluating evidence for a causal relation; however, it did not support using nonqualified intermediate markers, because they could lead to serious misinterpretation of DRIs by users (34).…”

Section: Challenges For Future Dris With Chronic Disease Endpointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milestones in DRI Development: What Does the Future Hold?

Yaktine

Ross

2019

Advances in Nutrition

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The state of nutritional health in the United States in the early part of the twentieth century was very different from today. Nutrient deficiencies and dental caries were prevalent health concerns for many Americans. In 1940, the US National Defense Advisory Commission asked the National Academy of Sciences for help in studying problems of nutrition in the United States. The outcome was issuance of the first RDAs. The goal of the RDAs was to recommend "…allowances sufficiently liberal to be suitable for maintenance of good nutritional status." In the subsequent decades, a very different nutritional health challenge began to emerge for an increasing proportion of the population, that of overweight and obesity and risk of diet-related chronic disease. In part, as a response to this challenge, the RDA process was revised and the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) were developed. The DRIs are a set of reference values that, when adhered to, predict a low probability of nutrient inadequacy or excessive intake. Recently, new DRI guidelines were proposed to define reference points for nutrient and food component intakes that influence risk of chronic disease. Developing DRIs for chronic disease endpoints presents unique challenges, notably, chronic diseases are multifactorial in nature and not directly nutrient-specific; the body of evidence supporting nutrients and other food substances as modifiers of risk of chronic disease is generally limited; and there is a lack of consistency in findings across study types. In addition, the latency of dietary exposures and chronic disease outcomes makes it difficult to demonstrate causality. Adapting the DRI model to meet the needs of the general population in the current context suggests a need to redefine the boundaries that describe the health of the population and to reexamine how indicators of chronic disease can be integrated effectively into the DRI process.

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Improving selection of markers in nutrition research: evaluation of the criteria proposed by the ILSI Europe Marker Validation Initiative

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Combination of Diet Quality Score, Plasma Carotenoids, and Lipid Peroxidation to Monitor Oxidative Stress

Combination of Diet Quality Score, Plasma Carotenoids, and Lipid Peroxidation to Monitor Oxidative Stress

A systematic review of associations between risk factors during the first 1000 days of life and cardiometabolic outcomes later in childhood

Milestones in DRI Development: What Does the Future Hold?

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