Improving Self-Efficacy, Quality of Life, and Glycemic Control in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: Randomized Controlled Trial for the Evaluation of the Family-Centered Empowerment Model (Preprint)

Abstract

BACKGROUND Poor glycemic management in adolescents with type 1 diabetes increases complications. Enhanced control is associated with other factors, such as cultural, socioeconomic, and healthcare system disparities specific to the Middle East, which can greatly influence individuals' ability to get and use healthcare services, as well as their reaction to treatment approaches. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the impact of family-centered empowerment on Jordanian adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), focusing on their HbA1c levels, self-efficacy, and quality of life (QOL). METHODS An experimental study involved 68 adolescents with T1DM visiting Jordanian Royal Medical Services' clinics. Two sets of participants were created: control (n = 34) and intervention (n = 34). Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group, receiving the Family Centred Empowerment Model intervention, or the control group, receiving standard care. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews and medical records. RESULTS The study found significant differences in self-efficacy scores between the intervention and control groups, with the intervention group experiencing a significant decrease in HbA1c readings and a significant difference in QOL between pre-program and post-program phases. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that patients with T1DM should receive continuous care education sessions, including self-care training, to improve their health. Nurses should also incorporate these training into treatment plans and educational programs for adolescents to enhance their QOL. CLINICALTRIAL This study was approved by The University's institutional review board (IRB) to carry out the study. The teenagers' and their families' informed consents were obtained.