Improving surface characteristics of PEO coatings of Mg and its alloys with zirconia nanoparticles: a review

Chaharmahali, Razieh; Fattah‐alhosseini, Arash; Nouri, Meisam; Babaei, Kazem

doi:10.1016/j.apsadv.2021.100131

Cited by 52 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…Among all the possible processes, dissolution of magnesium and oxide formation are the principal ones. [18][19][20]48] The presence of magnesium oxide crystalline phase in both coatings was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) data (Figure 2). Magnesium substrate peaks were also identified.…”

Section: Coatings Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 78%

Characterization and In Vitro Behavior of PEO Coated Mg Modified with Antibacterial Ag(I) and Cu(II) Complexes

Tsimafeyeva,

Starykevich,

Snihirova

et al. 2024

Chemistry A European J

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The use of Mg‐based biomaterials with a number of their advantageous properties are overshadowed by uncontrollable metal corrosion. Moreover, the use of implants goes alongside with the threat of pathogens‐associated complications. In this study, PEO coated Mg biomaterial loaded with antibacterial Ag(I) and Cu(II) complexes is produced and tested to meet both appropriate protective characteristics as well as sufficient level of antibacterial activity. To achieve a suitable level of anticorrosion protection phosphate and fluoride‐phosphate electrolytes are used in the PEO process. Investigation of the surface thickness and morphology done by means of cross‐section analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) assay show precedence of the fluoride containing PEO coating and make it the material of choice for further modification with Ag(I) and Cu(II) complexes. The presence of the complexes on the PEO surface is confirmed by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES) are used to estimate the complexes’ chemical state and depth of penetration in the coating surface. Based on the results of antibacterial assay, the modified coatings are found to be active against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria.

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Section: Coatings Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 78%

Characterization and In Vitro Behavior of PEO Coated Mg Modified with Antibacterial Ag(I) and Cu(II) Complexes

Tsimafeyeva,

Starykevich,

Snihirova

et al. 2024

Chemistry A European J

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“…5(b), despite the fact that not many Zr particles are evenly distributed on the Mg surface during the electrodeposition process due to the large particle size of ZrO 2 . ZrO 2 must be measured on a nanoscale to achieve optimal electrodeposition results [28].…”

Section: Process Anodizing Electrodeposition Analysis Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anodizing-Electrodeposition Hybrid Coating by Using Electrolite Solution and Zirconium Oxide on the Surface Magnesium Az31b

Erryani¹,

Elvira²,

Nurbaiti

et al. 2022

metal.

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In this study, sodium silicate was synthesized and the characterization of zirconia which was used as a suspension solution for the anodization and electrodeposition processes. The results of the synthesis using FTIR showed the success of making Na2SiO3 with the appearance of absorption from functional groups such as: silanol (Si-OH) and siloxane (Si-O-Si) groups. From the SEM data, it is known that each batch contains elements of oxygen, sodium and silicon, this indicates that Na2SiO3 was successfully synthesized without any detectable impurities. Calcination results using SEM showed that each batch was dominated by zircon elements, but the highest zircon content in batch 3 was 88.81%. XRD data shows that ZrO2 (Monoclinic) dominates, in batch 1 and batch 3 there is Cl2 from ZrOCl. Therefore, the ZrO2 used without the calcination process is in batch 3. Anodizing and Electrodeposition processes are carried out in 3 ways, namely: a. Anodizing, b. Two steps (Anodizing-Electrodeposition, c. One step hybrid (Anodizing and Electrodeposition) with the addition of Al2O3 and Na2O7SiO3 elements to the electrolyte. The surface of magnesium after being coated looks pale white line. SEM data shows that all three methods are coated and contain elements of O, Na, Mg, Zr, Si, K, and in method c. Al is found. The three samples also showed that the sanding process was not optimal and the Zr particles were not evenly distributed on the surface.

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“…Many types of particles can be used to improve the corrosion resistance of PEO coatings on Mg alloys. One of the largest groups includes ceramic oxides such as ZrO 2 [ 53 , 212 , 213 , 214 , 215 , 216 , 217 ], CeO 2 [ 53 , 218 , 219 , 220 , 221 , 222 ], Y 2 O 3 [ 223 ], Sb 2 O 3 [ 224 ], TiO 2 [ 225 , 226 ], Al 2 O 3 [ 227 , 228 , 229 ], SiO 2 [ 230 , 231 , 232 , 233 ], and clay [ 116 , 234 ]. Depending on the PEO parameters and thermodynamic stability of these ceramic oxides, they experience either inert [ 213 , 226 , 227 , 231 ] or reactive/partly reactive incorporation, resulting in the formation of new stable phases like Mg 2 Zr 5 O 12 , Mg 2 TiO 4 , Mg 2 SiO 4 , or MgAl 2 O 4 [ 212 , 219 , 220 , 225 , 228 , 230 , 231 ].…”

Section: Effect Of Energy Input and Electrolyte Composition On Coatin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromate-Free Corrosion Protection Strategies for Magnesium Alloys—A Review: Part II—PEO and Anodizing

et al. 2022

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Although hexavalent chromium-based protection systems are effective and their long-term performance is well understood, they can no longer be used due to their proven Cr(VI) toxicity and carcinogenic effect. The search for alternative protection technologies for Mg alloys has been going on for at least a couple of decades. However, surface treatment systems with equivalent efficacies to that of Cr(VI)-based ones have only begun to emerge much more recently. It is still proving challenging to find sufficiently protective replacements for Cr(VI) that do not give rise to safety concerns related to corrosion, especially in terms of fulfilling the requirements of the transportation industry. Additionally, in overcoming these obstacles, the advantages of newly introduced technologies have to include not only health safety but also need to be balanced against their added cost, as well as being environmentally friendly and simple to implement and maintain. Anodizing, especially when carried out above the breakdown potential (technology known as Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO)) is an electrochemical oxidation process which has been recognized as one of the most effective methods to significantly improve the corrosion resistance of Mg and its alloys by forming a protective ceramic-like layer on their surface that isolates the base material from aggressive environmental agents. Part II of this review summarizes developments in and future outlooks for Mg anodizing, including traditional chromium-based processes and newly developed chromium-free alternatives, such as PEO technology and the use of organic electrolytes. This work provides an overview of processing parameters such as electrolyte composition and additives, voltage/current regimes, and post-treatment sealing strategies that influence the corrosion performance of the coatings. This large variability of the fabrication conditions makes it possible to obtain Cr-free products that meet the industrial requirements for performance, as expected from traditional Cr-based technologies.

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Improving surface characteristics of PEO coatings of Mg and its alloys with zirconia nanoparticles: a review

Cited by 52 publications

References 138 publications

Characterization and In Vitro Behavior of PEO Coated Mg Modified with Antibacterial Ag(I) and Cu(II) Complexes

Characterization and In Vitro Behavior of PEO Coated Mg Modified with Antibacterial Ag(I) and Cu(II) Complexes

Anodizing-Electrodeposition Hybrid Coating by Using Electrolite Solution and Zirconium Oxide on the Surface Magnesium Az31b

Chromate-Free Corrosion Protection Strategies for Magnesium Alloys—A Review: Part II—PEO and Anodizing

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