Improving sustainability in wood coating: testing lignin and cellulose nanocrystals as additives to commercial acrylic wood coatings for bio-building

Jusic, J.; Tamantini, Swati; Romagnoli, Manuela; Vinciguerra, Vittorio; Mattia, Elena Di; Zikeli, Florian; Humar, Miha; Mugnozza, Giuseppe Scarascia

doi:10.3832/ifor3782-014

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Thus, CNC addition caused a viscosity increase in the modified coating, in agreement with the literature [ 36 , 50 ]. Adding polymers with high molecular weight, such as cellulose, increases the viscosity of a liquid coating [ 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

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Cellulose Nano Crystals (CNC) as Additive for a Bio-Based Waterborne Acrylic Wood Coating: Decay, Artificial Weathering, Physical and Chemical Tests

et al. 2023

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Wood coatings prolong the service life of wood-based products, but they are usually of synthetic origin. The aim of the present article is to reduce the fossil-based compounds in a commercial waterborne acrylic coating by CNC addition and to test its performance. The coatings were applied on European beech and Norway spruce wood in order to test durability against Gloeophyllum trabeum (brown wood rot) and Trametes versicolor (white wood rot). Artificial weathering and blue stain, contact angle, physical tests (adhesion, impact and scratch test), chemical (FTIR) and morpho-anatomical analysis (SEM) were carried out. CNC addition increased viscosity, limiting the spreading of the coating into wood pores as visible after SEM observation, which reduced coating adhesion on the substrate. CNC improved fungal resistance as seen by a reduced mass loss and FTIR spectroscopy thanks to crosslinks formation, which reduced water sorption as well. Color change was not significant, and, on the other hand, glossiness was reduced but resulted as more homogeneous than control. CNC addition gave good results also in blue stain protection. CNC improved scratch resistance, but no visible change to impact was registered. CNC has promising results in coatings depending on wood and fungal species and presence of further commercial additives (biocides).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…On the other hand, studies on CNC antifungal activity are scarce, and none of them addresses coating applications [ 35 ]. Indeed, CNC showed an interesting improvement in physical properties, increasing mechanical resistance when used in coatings or adhesives formulations [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose Nano Crystals (CNC) as Additive for a Bio-Based Waterborne Acrylic Wood Coating: Decay, Artificial Weathering, Physical and Chemical Tests

et al. 2023

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“…This could be explained by the fact that in the first two samples ( Figure 1 a,b), wood underneath the coating is still visible, while the last two provide a less transparent coating ( Figure 1 c,d), where lignin covers the surface the most. Additionally, Jusic et al [ 7 ] and Klein et al [ 32 ] found a gradual color change at increasing lignin content. Changing color due to all formulations is always statistically significant (ΔE*).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the intrinsic biodegradability of wood is the most important weakness, which limits a wider end use, and thus the improvement of wood durability is still one of the major challenges [ 3 , 4 ]. This challenge can be tackled by different means, such as thermo-treatments [ 5 , 6 ] or fossil-based and natural wood coatings with protective or biocidal functions [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterizations of Eco-Friendly Organosolv Lignin-Based Polyurethane Coating Films for the Coating Industry

et al. 2022

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Three different formulations of bio-based polyurethane (PU), varying the weight ratio between Organosolv lignin and a commercial isocyanate, were synthesized. The coating formulations were characterized by SEM, pyrolysis-GC/MS, FTIR spectroscopy and FTIR mapping, which confirmed the successful formation of urethane bonds between commercial isocyanate and hydroxyl groups deriving from lignin. The coatings were applied on beech wood samples to measure color and contact angles, and eventually FTIR mapping of the coated wood samples was performed. FTIR mapping is an interesting tool to monitor the distribution of PU chemical bonds on the coating surface and to evaluate the homogeneity of the applied coating films. Increasing the lignin content of the PU coatings results in more red-yellow and darker tones, while the commercial PU coating is transparent. For a higher lignin concentration, the solid content as well as the weight gain of the applied coatings increase. A higher percentage of lignin in the prepared PU formulations leads to superficial cracks and therefore higher coating permeability compared to the commercial PU, but the prepared lignin-based PU coating still makes a raw wood surface significantly more hydrophobic. Apparently, additives such as film-formers with low surface tension to counteract cracks’ formation are necessary to improve the performance of lignin-based PU coatings.

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“…These types of forest products have their place, but they cannot match the high-performance material demands of modern society [ 10 , 11 ]. Sustainability necessitates the advancement of human science and technology, as well as a greater demand for trees, [ 12 , 13 , 14 ] plants, some marine organisms, and algae having a fundamental reinforcing property that enhances all subsequent constructions. The bulk of the hierarchical structure is eliminated by extracting cellulose at the nanoscale, and a new cellulose-based “building block” is available as composites [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Modification of Cellulose and Its Applications

et al. 2022

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The latest advancements in cellulose and its derivatives are the subject of this study. We summarize the characteristics, modifications, applications, and properties of cellulose. Here, we discuss new breakthroughs in modified cellulose that allow for enhanced control. In addition to standard approaches, improvements in different techniques employed for cellulose and its derivatives are the subject of this review. The various strategies for synthetic polymers are also discussed. The recent advancements in polymer production allow for more precise control, and make it possible to make functional celluloses with better physical qualities. For sustainability and environmental preservation, the development of cellulose green processing is the most abundant renewable substance in nature. The discovery of cellulose disintegration opens up new possibilities for sustainable techniques. Based on the review of recent scientific literature, we believe that additional chemical units of cellulose solubility should be used. This evaluation will evaluate the sustainability of biomass and processing the greenness for the long term. It appears not only crucial to dissolution, but also to the greenness of any process.

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Improving sustainability in wood coating: testing lignin and cellulose nanocrystals as additives to commercial acrylic wood coatings for bio-building

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Cellulose Nano Crystals (CNC) as Additive for a Bio-Based Waterborne Acrylic Wood Coating: Decay, Artificial Weathering, Physical and Chemical Tests

Cellulose Nano Crystals (CNC) as Additive for a Bio-Based Waterborne Acrylic Wood Coating: Decay, Artificial Weathering, Physical and Chemical Tests

Synthesis and Characterizations of Eco-Friendly Organosolv Lignin-Based Polyurethane Coating Films for the Coating Industry

A Review on the Modification of Cellulose and Its Applications

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