Improving Sustainability of the Griess Reaction by Reagent Stabilization on PDMS Membranes and ZnNPs as Reductor of Nitrates: Application to Different Water Samples

Hakobyan, Lusine; Monforte-Gómez, Belén; Moliner‐Martínez, Y.; Molíns-Legua, C.; Campíns‐Falcó, P.

doi:10.3390/polym14030464

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Nitrate levels were measured using the Griess assay. 18 , 19 For this purpose, 100 μL of the cultured medium was incubated for 10 min with 100 μL of a solution of 1% (w/v) sulfanilic acid (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA)/0.1% (w/v) N-(1-naphtyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) in 2.5% (v/v) H 3 PO 4 . A sodium nitrate (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) solution in the concentration range from 1.95 to 250 μM was used to prepare the calibration curve.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriocin BacSp222 and Its Succinylated Forms Exhibit Proinflammatory Activities Toward Innate Immune Cells 

Śmiałek¹,

Bzowska²,

Hinz³

et al. 2022

JIR

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Purpose The zoonotic opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus pseudintermedius 222 produces BacSp222 – an atypical peptide exhibiting the features of a bacteriocin, a virulence factor, and a molecule modulating the host inflammatory reaction. The peptide is secreted in an unmodified form and, additionally, two forms modified posttranslationally by succinylation. This study is a comprehensive report focusing on the proinflammatory properties of such molecules. Methods The study was performed on mouse monocyte/macrophage-like and endothelial cell lines as well as human neutrophils. The following peptides were studied: BacSp222, its succinylated forms, the form deprived of formylated methionine, and a reference bacteriocin – nisin. The measurements of the nitric oxide (NO) level, induced NO synthase (iNOS) expression, the profile of secreted cytokines, NF-kappa-B activation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) biosynthesis, and the formation of extracellular traps were conducted to evaluate the proinflammatory activity of the studied peptides. Results BacSp222 and its succinylated forms effectively induced NO production and iNOS expression when combined with IFN-gamma in macrophage-like cells. All natural BacSp222 forms used alone or with IFN-gamma stimulated the production of TNF-alpha, MCP-1, and IL-1-alpha, while the co-stimulation with IFN-gamma increased IL-10 and IL-27. Upregulated TNF-alpha secretion observed after BacSp222 exposition resulted from increased expression but not from membrane TNF-alpha proteolysis. In neutrophils, all forms of bacteriocin upregulated IL-8, but did not induce ROS production or NETs formation. In all experiments, the activities of deformylated bacteriocin were lower or unequivocal in comparison to other forms of the peptide. Conclusion All naturally secreted forms of BacSp222 exhibit proinflammatory activity against monocyte-macrophage cells and neutrophils, confirming that the biological role of BacSp222 goes beyond bactericidal and cytotoxic effects. The atypical posttranslational modification (succinylation) does not diminish its immunomodulatory activity in contrast to the lower antibacterial potential or cytotoxicity of such modified form established in previous studies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriocin BacSp222 and Its Succinylated Forms Exhibit Proinflammatory Activities Toward Innate Immune Cells 

Śmiałek¹,

Bzowska²,

Hinz³

et al. 2022

JIR

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“…The microplate was then shacked for t = 10 min at room temperature. Then, measurements were performed [ 25 ] (see Figure 1 c).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Measurement of Polymeric Colorimetric Sensors Using Portable Instrumentation: Testing the Light Influence

et al. 2022

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Sustainable and green sensors based on polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) or cellulose polymers, as a case of study of the use of portable instrumentation joined to a smartphone, have been tested. A smartphone camera was used to obtain images and was also coupled to a minispectrometer, without and with an optical fiber probe to register spectra. To study light influence on the analytical signal, light-emitting diode (LED), halogen light and daylight have been assayed. A corrective palette of 24 colors and a set with 45 colors from different color ranges were used as the validation set. The results indicated that halogen light was the best option to obtain the spectra. However, for digital image analysis, it was the LED light that gave a greater approximation of the RGB values of the real colors. Based on these results, the spectra and the RGB components of PDMS solid sensors doped with 1,2-naphtoquinone-4-sulfonate (NQS) for the determination of ammonium in water or urea in urine, PDMS doped with Griess reagent for developing the assay of nitrite in waters and cellulose sensors for the determination of hydrogen sulfide in the atmospheres have been obtained. The results achieved were good in terms of sensitivity and linearity and were comparable to those obtained using a laboratory benchtop instrument. Several rules for selecting the most suitable light source to obtain the spectra and/or images have been established and an image correction method has been introduced.

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“…Certain organic and chemical compounds also can interfere with the Griess reaction, leading to inaccurate nitrite measurements that may appear as false positives. 19 Addressing the above limitations, there is a need for the development of a simple, stable, and affordable analytical device capable of quantitatively monitoring both bacteria and NO 2 − levels in water samples. Such a device would be highly beneficial and practical for ensuring water safety and quality assessment in a wide range of settings.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this reaction is sensitive and commonly used for NO 2 – quantification, it is an unstable reagent which needs to be kept at low temperature, reducing its shelf life. Certain organic and chemical compounds also can interfere with the Griess reaction, leading to inaccurate nitrite measurements that may appear as false positives . Addressing the above limitations, there is a need for the development of a simple, stable, and affordable analytical device capable of quantitatively monitoring both bacteria and NO 2 – levels in water samples.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Nanomaterial-Based Microfluidic Paper Analytical Device for Simultaneous Quantification of Gram-Negative Bacteria and Nitrite Ions in Water Samples

Khachornsakkul,

Del-Rio-Ruiz,

Creasey

et al. 2023

ACS Sens.

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This study presents a rapid microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) capable of simultaneously monitoring Gram-negative bacteria and nitrite ions (NO2 –) for water quality monitoring. We utilize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with polymyxin molecules (AuNPs@polymyxin) to cause color change due to aggregation for the detection of Gram-negative bacteria, and antiaggregation in the presence of o-phenylenediamine (OPD) for NO2 – detection. In this study, Escherichia coli (E. coli) serves as the model of a Gram-negative bacterium. Using the developed μPADs, the color changes resulting from aggregation and antiaggregation reactions are measured using a smartphone application. The linear detection ranges from 5.0 × 102 to 5.0 × 105 CFU/mL (R 2 = 0.9961) for E. coli and 0.20 to 2.0 μmol/L (R 2 = 0.995) for NO2 –. The detection limits were determined as 2.0 × 102 CFU/mL for E. coli and 0.18 μmol/L for NO2 –. Notably, the newly developed assay exhibited high selectivity with no interference from Gram-positive bacteria. Additionally, we obtained acceptable recovery for monitoring E. coli and NO2 – in drinking water samples with no significant difference between our method and a commercial assay by t test validation. The sensor was also employed for assessing the quality of the pond and environmental water source. Notably, this approach can also be applied to human urine samples with satisfactory accuracy. Furthermore, the assay’s stability is extended due to its reliance on AuNPs rather than reagents like antibodies and enzymes, reducing costs and ensuring long-term viability. Our cost-effective μPADs therefore provide a real-time analysis of both contaminants, making them suitable for assessing water quality in resource-limited settings.

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Improving Sustainability of the Griess Reaction by Reagent Stabilization on PDMS Membranes and ZnNPs as Reductor of Nitrates: Application to Different Water Samples

Cited by 7 publications

References 39 publications

Bacteriocin BacSp222 and Its Succinylated Forms Exhibit Proinflammatory Activities Toward Innate Immune Cells

Bacteriocin BacSp222 and Its Succinylated Forms Exhibit Proinflammatory Activities Toward Innate Immune Cells

Advances in the Measurement of Polymeric Colorimetric Sensors Using Portable Instrumentation: Testing the Light Influence

Gold Nanomaterial-Based Microfluidic Paper Analytical Device for Simultaneous Quantification of Gram-Negative Bacteria and Nitrite Ions in Water Samples

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