“…Currently, environmentally benign Pb-free solders (such as SAC305) are widely used [ 6 , 7 ]. However, compared with the Sn–Pb solder, the wettability and spread ability of the Pb-free solder are poor; therefore, the pores and microcracks in the solder joints are more severe [ 8 , 9 ]. Although many technologies can be taken to minimize them, such defects are still inevitable [ 6 , 10 , 11 ].…”