“…Yield analysis (YA) is performed to (a) accelerate yield ramp, (b) debug excursions, and (c) improve mature yield. Scan diagnosis is a useful tool in the YA framework [1] [2] [3] [4] [5], and currently it can be summarized into two categories: hardware/tester based methods [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] and software based methods [11] [12] [13] [14]. However, selecting representative units, which highlight either existing or new defect modes, for failure analysis (FA) is difficult.…”